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Nihongo

Classroom

Jōyō KanjiOrganized by Onyomi reading

しん shin

 

    kanji

    Meaning

    Heart

    Reading

    kunyomiこころ

    kokoro

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Second (乙)Dot 丿Katakana no

    Example Word

    安心: relief. The Japanese verbal noun '安心 (あんしん)' means 'relief' or 'peace of mind'. It refers to a state of being free from worry, anxiety, or fear. This word is often used to express a sense of security or comfort, either for oneself or others. For example: I felt relief when I heard the news「その知らせを聞いて安心した」(そのしらせをきいてあんしんした). It's important to reassure children so they feel safe「子供たちが安心するように安心させることが大切だ」(こどもたちがあんしんするようにあんしんさせることがたいせつだ). The word can also be used in phrases like '安心してください (あんしんしてください)' meaning 'please rest assured' or 'don't worry'.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    4

    JLPT

    N4

    Grade

    2

    Frequency

    33

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Body, Self

    Reading

    kunyomi

    mi

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Self Barb 丿Katakana no

    Example Word

    刺身: sashimi. The Japanese noun '刺身 (さしみ)' refers to 'sashimi', a dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or seafood, often served with garnishes like shredded daikon radish and shiso leaves, and accompanied by soy sauce and wasabi. It is a staple in Japanese cuisine and highlights the freshness and quality of the seafood. Example sentences: I love sashimi「刺身が大好きです」(さしみがだいすきです). This restaurant serves delicious sashimi「このレストランは美味しい刺身を出します」(このレストランはおいしいさしみをだします). Sashimi is often eaten with soy sauce and wasabi「刺身は醤油とわさびと一緒に食べます」(さしみはしょうゆとわさびといっしょにたべます).

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    7

    Grade

    3

    Frequency

    64

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    God

    Reading

    kunyomiかみ

    kami

    onyomiじん

    jin

    しん

    shin

    Parts

    Cult (示)Report

    Example Word

    神経: nerve. The Japanese noun '神経 (しんけい)' primarily means 'nerve' in the biological sense, referring to the fibers that transmit impulses of sensation and motion between the brain or spinal cord and other parts of the body. It can also be used metaphorically to describe sensitivity or attention to detail in various contexts. For example: He has a lot of nerve「彼は神経が太い」(かれはしんけいがふとい). She is very sensitive to noise「彼女は音に神経が細い」(かのじょはおとにしんけいがほそい). In medical contexts, it is often used to discuss conditions or treatments related to the nervous system, such as '神経痛 (しんけいつう)' which means 'neuralgia'.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    9

    JLPT

    N3

    Grade

    3

    Frequency

    99

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    New

    Reading

    kunyomiあら

    ara

    あたら

    atara

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Axe, Catty Parent (親)

    Example Word

    新聞社: newspaper company. The Japanese noun '新聞社 (しんぶんしゃ)' refers to a 'newspaper company' or 'newspaper publisher'. It is a compound word made up of '新聞 (しんぶん)' meaning 'newspaper' and '社 (しゃ)' meaning 'company' or 'corporation'. This term is used to describe organizations that produce and distribute newspapers. For example: He works for a newspaper company「彼は新聞社に勤めている」(かれはしんぶんしゃにつとめている). The newspaper company published a special edition「新聞社は特別号を発行した」(しんぶんしゃはとくべつごうをはっこうした).

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    13

    JLPT

    N4

    Grade

    2

    Frequency

    114

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Parent

    Reading

    kunyomiした

    shita

    おや

    oya

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    See Stand Tree, Wood

    Example Word

    親しみ: familiarity. The Japanese noun '親しみ (したしみ)' refers to a sense of familiarity, closeness, or warmth towards someone or something. It is often used to describe the feeling of being comfortable or at ease with a person, place, or concept. For example: I feel a sense of familiarity with this town「この町に親しみを感じる」(このまちにしたしみをかんじる). His smile gives me a warm feeling「彼の笑顔に親しみを感じる」(かれのえがおにしたしみをかんじる). This word is commonly used in contexts where there is an emotional connection or a sense of ease.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    16

    JLPT

    N4

    Grade

    2

    Frequency

    134

    Radical Form

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Truth

    Reading

    kunyomi

    ma

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Ten Tool

    Example Word

    真ん丸: perfectly round. The Japanese adjectival noun '真ん丸 (まんまる)' means 'perfectly round.' It is used to describe something that is completely circular or round in shape, often with a positive connotation of cuteness or perfection. This word is commonly used to describe objects like balls, faces, or other round items. Example: The moon is perfectly round tonight 「今夜の月は真ん丸だ」 (こんやのつきはまんまるだ). The baby's face is perfectly round 「赤ちゃんの顔は真ん丸だ」 (あかちゃんのかおはまんまるだ). Note that '真ん丸' is a colloquial term and is often used in conversational contexts.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    10

    JLPT

    N4

    Grade

    3

    Frequency

    142

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Trust

    Reading

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Person (人)Say

    Example Word

    信じる: believe. The Japanese verb '信じる (しんじる)' means 'to believe'. It is used to express trust, faith, or confidence in someone or something. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as believing in a person, an idea, or a concept. For example: I believe in you「あなたを信じる」(あなたをしんじる). He believes in ghosts「彼は幽霊を信じる」(かれはゆうれいをしんじる). It can also be used to express belief in abstract concepts, such as believing in love「愛を信じる」(あいをしんじる). The verb is often used in both positive and negative forms, depending on the context.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    9

    JLPT

    N3

    Grade

    4

    Frequency

    151

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Report

    Reading

    kunyomiもう

    mou

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Day, Sun Stick

    Example Word

    申し込み: application. The Japanese noun '申し込み (もうしこみ)' means 'application'. It refers to the act of applying for something, such as a service, event, or membership. This word is commonly used in formal or business contexts. For example: I submitted an application for the event「イベントに申し込みをした」(イベントにもうしこみをした). Please fill out the application form「申し込み用紙に記入してください」(もうしこみようしにきにゅうしてください). The term can also imply a request or proposal, depending on the context.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    5

    JLPT

    N3

    Grade

    3

    Frequency

    221

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Deep

    Reading

    kunyomiふか

    fuka

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Water (水)Deep

    Example Word

    深い: deep. The Japanese adjective '深い (ふかい)' means 'deep'. It is used to describe physical depth, such as a deep hole or ocean, as well as abstract concepts like deep emotions, thoughts, or relationships. For example: The ocean is deep「海は深い」(うみはふかい). His thoughts are deep「彼の考えは深い」(かれのかんがえはふかい). It can also describe intensity, such as deep sleep or deep colors. For example: She is in a deep sleep「彼女は深い眠りについている」(かのじょはふかいねむりについている). The nuance of '深い' often implies something profound or significant beyond surface-level understanding.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    11

    JLPT

    N3

    Grade

    3

    Frequency

    248

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Advance

    Reading

    kunyomiすす

    susu

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Walk Bird

    Example Word

    進展: progress. The Japanese noun '進展 (しんてん)' means 'progress' or 'advancement'. It is used to describe the development or forward movement of a situation, project, or event. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, research, or negotiations. For example: The project is making progress「プロジェクトは進展している」(ぷろじぇくとはしんてんしている). There has been significant progress in the negotiations「交渉に大きな進展があった」(こうしょうにおおきなしんてんがあった). Note that '進展' emphasizes measurable or noticeable progress, rather than gradual or subtle changes.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    11

    JLPT

    N3

    Grade

    3

    Frequency

    301

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Lie down, Go to sleep

    Reading

    kunyomi

    ne

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Crown Again Hand Roof

    Example Word

    寝過ごす: oversleep. The Japanese verb '寝過ごす (ねすごす)' means 'to oversleep'. It is used when someone sleeps longer than intended, often resulting in missing an important event or being late. This verb is commonly used in daily conversations to describe situations where someone accidentally sleeps past their alarm or intended wake-up time. For example: I overslept and missed the train「寝過ごして電車に乗り遅れた」(ねすごしてでんしゃにのりおくれた). He overslept and was late for work「彼は寝過ごして仕事に遅れた」(かれはねすごしてしごとにおくれた). The verb is a combination of '寝る (ねる)' (to sleep) and '過ごす (すごす)' (to spend time), emphasizing the unintended extension of sleep.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    13

    JLPT

    N3

    Grade

    7

    Frequency

    325

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Shake, Swing

    Reading

    kunyomi

    fu

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Hand (手)Sign of the dragon

    Example Word

    振り: swing or pretense. The Japanese noun '振り (ふり)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'pretense', referring to an act or behavior that is intended to deceive or mislead others. For example: she made a pretense of being happy「彼女は幸せな振りをした」(かのじょはしあわせなふりをした). The second meaning is 'swing', referring to the motion of moving something back and forth or side to side. For example: the swing of the pendulum「振り子の振り」(ふりこのふり). It's important to note that the context in which '振り' is used will determine which meaning is intended.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    10

    JLPT

    N1

    Grade

    7

    Frequency

    350

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Stretch

    Reading

    kunyomi

    no

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Person (人)Report

    Example Word

    引き伸ばす: stretch. The Japanese verb '引き伸ばす (ひきのばす)' primarily means 'to stretch' or 'to extend'. It is often used in both literal and figurative contexts. Literally, it can refer to physically stretching something, such as pulling dough or extending a rubber band. Figuratively, it can mean prolonging or dragging out a situation, such as extending a conversation or delaying a decision. Example sentences: He stretched the dough「彼は生地を引き伸ばした」(かれはきじをひきのばした). They are prolonging the meeting「彼らは会議を引き伸ばしている」(かれらはかいぎをひきのばしている).

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    7

    JLPT

    N2

    Grade

    8

    Frequency

    680

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Forest

    Reading

    kunyomiもり

    mori

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Tree, Wood Grove

    Example Word

    森林: forest. The Japanese noun '森林 (しんりん)' means 'forest'. It refers to a large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth. This word is often used in contexts related to nature, ecology, and geography. For example: the forest is dense「森林は密です」(しんりんはみつです). We went hiking in the forest「私たちは森林でハイキングをしました」(わたしたちはしんりんでハイキングをしました). The term can also be used in more formal or scientific contexts, such as discussing forest conservation or biodiversity.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    12

    JLPT

    N2

    Grade

    1

    Frequency

    733

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Harbor, Haven

    Reading

    kunyomi

    tsu

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Water (水)Brush

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    9

    JLPT

    N1

    Grade

    9

    Frequency

    760

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Servant, Retainer

    Reading

    onyomiじん

    jin

    しん

    shin

    Example Word

    総理大臣: Prime Minister. The Japanese noun '総理大臣 (そうりだいじん)' means 'Prime Minister.' This term refers to the head of government in Japan, who is responsible for leading the cabinet and implementing national policies. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Emperor after being designated by the National Diet. Example usage: The meeting was attended by the Prime Minister 「その会議には総理大臣が出席した」 (そのかいぎにはそうりだいじんがしゅっせきした). The Prime Minister announced new policies 「総理大臣が新しい政策を発表した」 (そうりだいじんがあたらしいせいさくをはっぴょうした).

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    7

    JLPT

    N2

    Grade

    4

    Frequency

    864

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Quake

    Reading

    kunyomiふる

    furu

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Rain Sign of the dragon

    Example Word

    震度: intensity. The Japanese noun '震度 (しんど)' refers to the intensity of an earthquake, specifically as measured on the Japanese seismic intensity scale. This scale ranges from 0 to 7, with higher numbers indicating stronger shaking. For example: The earthquake had an intensity of 5「地震の震度は5でした」(じしんのしんどはごでした). The intensity of the tremor was quite high「震度がかなり高かった」(しんどがかなりたかかった). It's important to note that '震度' is specifically used in the context of earthquakes and should not be confused with other types of intensity measurements.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    15

    JLPT

    N2

    Grade

    7

    Frequency

    969

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Hard, Spicy

    Reading

    kunyomiから

    kara

    つら

    tsura

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Stand Ten

    Example Word

    辛い: painful. The Japanese adjective '辛い (つらい)' primarily means 'painful' or 'difficult'. It is often used to describe emotional or physical pain, as well as challenging situations. For example: it was a painful experience「それは辛い経験だった」(それはつらいけいけんだった). This work is difficult「この仕事は辛い」(このしごとはつらい). The word can also imply a sense of hardship or suffering, making it versatile in expressing both literal and metaphorical struggles. Note that '辛い' can also be read as 'からい' when referring to something being 'spicy', but in this context, we are focusing on the reading 'つらい'.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    7

    JLPT

    N2

    Grade

    8

    Frequency

    1052

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Lips, Lip

    Reading

    kunyomiくちびる

    kuchibiru

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Mouth Sign of the dragon

    Example Word

    唇: lips. The Japanese noun '唇 (くちびる)' refers to the 'lips', the soft, movable parts forming the opening of the mouth. This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and literature to describe the physical feature or to express emotions metaphorically. For example: Her lips are red「彼女の唇は赤い」(かのじょのくちびるはあかい). He bit his lips nervously「彼は緊張して唇を噛んだ」(かれはきんちょうしてくちびるをかんだ). The word can also appear in idiomatic expressions or poetic contexts, emphasizing beauty, emotion, or communication.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    10

    JLPT

    N1

    Grade

    9

    Frequency

    1103

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Pillow

    Reading

    kunyomiまくら

    makura

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Tree, Wood

    Example Word

    枕: pillow. The Japanese noun '枕 (まくら)' refers to a 'pillow', which is a cushion used to support the head while sleeping. It is a common household item and is essential for comfort during rest. The word can also be used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions, such as '枕を高くして寝る (まくらをたかくしてねる)', which means 'to sleep soundly without worries'. Example sentences: I bought a new pillow「新しい枕を買いました」(あたらしいまくらをかいました). This pillow is very soft「この枕はとても柔らかいです」(このまくらはとてもやわらかいです).

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    8

    Grade

    10

    Frequency

    1117

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Needle

    Reading

    kunyomiはり

    hari

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Gold (金)Ten

    Example Word

    針: hand or needle. The Japanese noun '針 (はり)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'needle', referring to a thin, pointed object used for sewing or medical purposes. For example: She sewed with a needle「彼女は針で縫った」(かのじょははりでぬった). The second meaning is 'hand', specifically the hour or minute hand of a clock. For example: The clock's minute hand is broken「時計の針が壊れている」(とけいのはりがこわれている). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended, as the usage differs significantly between the two.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    10

    JLPT

    N2

    Grade

    6

    Frequency

    1138

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Request

    Reading

    kunyomi

    u

    ko

    onyomiしん

    shin

    しょう

    shou

    せい

    sei

    Parts

    Say (言)Blue

    Example Word

    申請: application. The Japanese verbal noun '申請 (しんせい)' means 'application' and refers to the act of formally requesting or applying for something, such as a permit, license, or approval. It is commonly used in administrative, legal, or bureaucratic contexts. For example: I submitted an application for a visa「ビザの申請を提出しました」(びざのしんせいをていしゅつしました). The company filed an application for a patent「会社は特許の申請を出しました」(かいしゃはとっきょのしんせいをだしました). Note that '申請' is often paired with verbs like する (to do) or 提出する (to submit) to indicate the action of applying.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    15

    JLPT

    N1

    Grade

    8

    Frequency

    1311

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Investigate, Judge

    Reading

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Roof Turn

    Example Word

    審議: deliberation. The Japanese verbal noun '審議 (しんぎ)' refers to the act of careful consideration or discussion, often in a formal or official context. It is commonly used in settings such as government, committees, or organizations where decisions are made after thorough discussion. For example: The committee is in deliberation「委員会は審議中です」(いいんかい は しんぎちゅう です). The bill is under deliberation「法案は審議中です」(ほうあん は しんぎちゅう です). This term emphasizes the process of weighing options and discussing details before reaching a conclusion.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    15

    JLPT

    N1

    Grade

    8

    Frequency

    1366

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Belt, Gentleman

    Reading

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Thread Report

    Example Word

    紳士: gentleman. The Japanese noun '紳士 (しんし)' refers to a 'gentleman'. This term is used to describe a man who is polite, well-mannered, and refined, often adhering to traditional standards of behavior and appearance. It is commonly used in formal contexts, such as in the names of establishments (e.g., '紳士服 (しんしふく)' meaning 'men's clothing') or to address a group of men respectfully. For example: The gentleman is waiting「紳士が待っています」(しんしがまっています). This is a gentlemen's club「ここは紳士のクラブです」(ここはしんしのクラブです). The word carries a connotation of sophistication and respectability.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    11

    JLPT

    N1

    Grade

    9

    Frequency

    1382

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Examine a patient, Diagnose

    Reading

    kunyomi

    mi

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Say (言)

    Example Word

    診療: medical care. The Japanese noun '診療 (しんりょう)' refers to medical care or treatment provided by a doctor or medical professional. It encompasses the process of diagnosing and treating patients. This term is often used in contexts related to hospitals, clinics, or healthcare services. For example: The hospital provides excellent medical care「その病院は優れた診療を提供します」(そのびょういんはすぐれたしんりょうをていきょうします). The doctor is in charge of medical care「その医師は診療を担当しています」(そのいしはしんりょうをたんとうしています). Note that '診療' is commonly used in formal or professional settings and is distinct from general health-related terms like '治療 (ちりょう)' (treatment) or '診察 (しんさつ)' (medical examination).

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    12

    JLPT

    N1

    Grade

    9

    Frequency

    1587

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Soak, Immersed

    Reading

    kunyomiひた

    hita

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Water (水)Crown Again Hand

    Example Word

    浸透: penetration. The Japanese noun '浸透 (しんとう)' means 'penetration'. This term is often used to describe the process of a substance permeating or spreading through another material, such as water soaking into soil or a liquid diffusing through a membrane. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the spread of ideas, culture, or influence. For example: The water penetrated the soil「水が土に浸透した」(みずがつちにしんとうした). The new policy is gradually penetrating society「新しい政策が社会に浸透しつつある」(あたらしいせいさくがしゃかいにしんとうしつつある).

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    10

    JLPT

    N1

    Grade

    7

    Frequency

    1612

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Prudent, Humility

    Reading

    kunyomiつつし

    tsutsushi

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Truth

    Example Word

    慎重: careful. The Japanese adjectival noun '慎重 (しんちょう)' means 'careful' or 'cautious'. It describes a state of being deliberate, thoughtful, and avoiding unnecessary risks. This word is often used to describe someone's behavior, approach, or decision-making process. For example: He is very careful when making decisions「彼は決定を下す時に非常に慎重です」(かれはけっていをくだすときにひじょうにしんちょうです). Please handle this matter carefully「この件を慎重に扱ってください」(このけんをしんちょうにあつかってください). The word can also be used to describe actions, such as '慎重な計画 (しんちょうなけいかく)' (careful planning).

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    13

    JLPT

    N1

    Grade

    7

    Frequency

    1667

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Invade

    Reading

    kunyomiおか

    oka

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Person (人)Crown Again Hand

    Example Word

    侵略: invasion. The Japanese noun '侵略 (しんりゃく)' means 'invasion'. It refers to the act of forcefully entering and taking control of a territory, often by military force. This term is commonly used in historical, political, or military contexts. For example: The country suffered from foreign invasion「その国は外国の侵略に苦しんだ」(そのくにはがいこくのしんりゃくにくるしんだ). The invasion caused widespread destruction「侵略は広範囲な破壊を引き起こした」(しんりゃくはこうはんいなはかいをひきおこした). It can also be used metaphorically to describe non-physical intrusions, such as cultural or economic invasions.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    9

    JLPT

    N1

    Grade

    7

    Frequency

    1737

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Fuel, Firewood

    Reading

    kunyomiまき

    maki

    たきぎ

    takigi

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    New Grass

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    16

    JLPT

    N1

    Grade

    7

    Frequency

    1792

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Pregnant, Pregnancy

    Reading

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Woman Sign of the dragon

    Example Word

    妊娠: pregnancy. The Japanese verbal noun '妊娠 (にんしん)' refers to the state of being pregnant. It is used to describe the condition of a woman carrying a developing embryo or fetus within her body. This term is commonly used in medical, personal, and formal contexts. For example: She is happy about her pregnancy「彼女は妊娠を喜んでいる」(かのじょはにんしんをよろこんでいる). The doctor confirmed the pregnancy「医者が妊娠を確認した」(いしゃがにんしんをかくにんした). It is important to note that '妊娠' is a noun and is often used with verbs like 'する' to indicate the act of becoming pregnant, as in '妊娠する (にんしんする)' (to become pregnant).

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    10

    JLPT

    N1

    Grade

    9

    Frequency

    2047

    Handwriting

    kanji

    Meaning

    Wick

    Reading

    onyomiしん

    shin

    Parts

    Grass Heart

    Example Word

    芯: core. The Japanese noun '芯 (しん)' refers to the core or central part of something. It can be used literally, such as the core of a fruit or the wick of a candle, or metaphorically, to describe the central or essential part of an idea or concept. For example: the core of an apple「リンゴの芯」(りんごのしん). The wick of a candle「ろうそくの芯」(ろうそくのしん). In a metaphorical sense, it can describe the essence or heart of a matter, such as 'the core of the problem'「問題の芯」(もんだいのしん). This word is often used in both everyday and technical contexts.

    Radical

    Stroke Count

    7

    Grade

    10

    Frequency

    2088

    Handwriting

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Onyomi reading Groups

Group 14 of 305