Jōyō KanjiOrganized by JLPT Level

kanji

Meaning

Garden

Reading

Parts

口Mouth 衣Clothes 土Soil

Example Word

動物園: zoo. The Japanese noun '動物園 (どうぶつえん)' means 'zoo'. It refers to a facility where animals are kept within enclosures, displayed to the public, and often bred for conservation purposes. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and writing when referring to places where people can see and learn about various animals. For example: Let's go to the zoo「動物園に行きましょう」(どうぶつえんにいきましょう). The zoo has many animals「その動物園にはたくさんの動物がいます」(そのどうぶつえんにはたくさんのどうぶつがいます). The word is a compound of '動物 (どうぶつ)' meaning 'animal' and '園 (えん)' meaning 'garden' or 'park', reflecting its purpose as a place for animals.

Radical

囗

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

754

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Dangerous

Reading

Parts

厃 㔾

Example Word

危ない: dangerous. The Japanese adjective '危ない (あぶない)' primarily means 'dangerous'. It is used to describe situations, actions, or objects that pose a risk or threat. For example: that road is dangerous「その道は危ない」(そのみちはあぶない). It can also imply a sense of urgency or warning, such as 'be careful' or 'watch out'. For instance: watch out, it's dangerous!「危ない、気をつけて！」(あぶない、きをつけて！). Additionally, '危ない' can sometimes be used colloquially to describe something as 'risky' or 'precarious', like a risky bet「危ない賭け」(あぶないかけ).

Radical

卩

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

757

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Desire, Longing

Reading

Parts

谷Valley 欠Lack

Example Word

欲求: demand or desire. The Japanese verbal noun '欲求 (よっきゅう)' primarily means 'desire' or 'demand'. It refers to a strong feeling of wanting something or needing something. This word is often used in psychological or formal contexts to describe innate or instinctual desires, such as basic human needs. For example: His desire for success is strong「彼の成功への欲求は強い」(かれのせいこうへのよっきゅうはつよい). The demand for the product increased「その製品への欲求が高まった」(そのせいひんへのよっきゅうがたかまった). Note that while 'desire' is more emotional or personal, 'demand' can imply a more practical or market-driven need.

Radical

欠

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

767

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Death, Deceased

Reading

Parts

亠Lid

Example Word

亡くなる: die. The Japanese verb '亡くなる (なくなる)' is a polite and respectful way to say 'to die'. It is commonly used when referring to the death of someone, especially in formal or sensitive contexts. This term is often preferred over the more direct '死ぬ (しぬ)' as it conveys a sense of respect and solemnity. For example: my grandfather passed away last year「私の祖父は去年亡くなりました」(わたしのそふはきょねんなくなりました). The famous author died at the age of 80「その有名な作家は80歳で亡くなりました」(そのゆうめいなさっかははちじゅっさいでなくなりました). Note that '亡くなる' is typically used for humans, not animals or objects.

Radical

亠

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

770

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Clear

Reading

Parts

日Day, Sun 青Blue

Example Word

見晴らし: view. The Japanese noun '見晴らし (みはらし)' refers to a view or vista, particularly one that is scenic or panoramic. It is often used to describe a wide, unobstructed view of a landscape, such as from a hilltop or observation deck. This word conveys a sense of openness and expansiveness. For example: The view from the mountain was breathtaking「山からの見晴らしは素晴らしかった」(やまからのみはらしはすばらしかった). Let's go to the observation deck for a better view「見晴らしの良い展望台に行きましょう」(みはらしのよいてんぼうだいにいきましょう). The word is commonly used in contexts related to nature, travel, and sightseeing.

Radical

日

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

771

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Seat

Reading

Parts

巾Towel 广Dotted cliff 廿Twenty

Example Word

客席: audience. The Japanese noun '客席 (きゃくせき)' refers to the seating area for an audience, typically in a theater, concert hall, or event venue. It specifically denotes the space where spectators or guests sit to watch a performance or event. For example: The audience was excited「客席は盛り上がっていた」(きゃくせきはもりあがっていた). The seats in the audience section are comfortable「客席の席は快適です」(きゃくせきのせきはかいてきです). This word is often used in contexts related to performances, shows, or gatherings where an audience is present.

Radical

巾

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

777

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Pay, Drive away

Reading

Parts

扌Hand (手)厶Private

Example Word

払う: pay or sweep. The Japanese verb '払う (はらう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to pay,' which refers to giving money in exchange for goods or services. For example: I paid the bill「請求書を払った」(せいきゅうしょをはらった). The second meaning is 'to sweep,' which refers to the action of cleaning a surface by brushing away dirt or debris. For example: She swept the floor「彼女は床を払った」(かのじょはゆかをはらった). The context in which this verb is used will determine its meaning, so it's important to pay attention to the surrounding words and phrases.

Radical

手

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

779

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Divide, Split

Reading

Parts

害Harm 刂Sword (刀)

Example Word

時間割り: schedule. The Japanese noun '時間割り (じかんわり)' refers to a 'schedule' or 'timetable', specifically one that outlines the timing and arrangement of events, classes, or activities. It is commonly used in educational settings to describe a school timetable, but it can also apply to other structured plans. For example: The school schedule is busy「学校の時間割りは忙しい」(がっこうのじかんわりはいそがしい). I checked my class schedule「私は時間割りを確認した」(わたしはじかんわりをかくにんした). The word emphasizes the organization of time, often in a fixed or recurring pattern.

Radical

刀

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

787

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Number

Reading

Parts

口Mouth 丂Breath obstruction

Example Word

号: number or edition. The Japanese suffix '号 (ごう)' is commonly used to denote a number or edition. It can be attached to numbers to indicate a specific issue, version, or model, such as in train numbers, magazine issues, or ship names. For example: This is the 3rd edition「これは3号です」(これはさんごうです). The train is number 12「その電車は12号です」(そのでんしゃはじゅうにごうです). It can also be used in names of ships or vehicles, like 'Yamato号 (やまとごう)', meaning 'Yamato ship'. The suffix is versatile and context-dependent, often indicating a specific instance within a series.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

804

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Convenience

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)更Renew, Grow late

Example Word

不便: inconvenient. The Japanese adjectival noun '不便 (ふべん)' means 'inconvenient'. It is used to describe situations, objects, or circumstances that are not easy to use, lack practicality, or cause difficulty. For example: This area is inconvenient because there are no shops「この地域は不便です、お店がないから」(このちいきはふべんです、おみせがないから). The train schedule is inconvenient for me「電車のスケジュールは不便です」(でんしゃのすけじゅーるはふべんです). Note that '不便' is often used to express dissatisfaction or frustration with a lack of convenience.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

809

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Harm

Reading

Parts

宀Roof 口Mouth 丰

Example Word

侵害: violation or infringement. The Japanese noun '侵害 (しんがい)' refers to the act of infringing or violating something, such as rights, laws, or boundaries. It is often used in legal or formal contexts to describe unauthorized actions that breach established rules or entitlements. For example: copyright infringement「著作権の侵害」(ちょさくけんのしんがい). Violation of privacy「プライバシーの侵害」(ぷらいばしーのしんがい). This term carries a strong connotation of wrongdoing and is typically used in serious or professional discussions.

Radical

宀

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

810

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Perplexed, Astray

Reading

Parts

辶Walk 米Rice

Example Word

迷子: lost child. The Japanese noun '迷子 (まいご)' refers to a 'lost child'. It is commonly used to describe a child who has become separated from their parents or guardians in a public place. The term can also be used more broadly to describe someone who is lost or confused, though this usage is less common. Example sentences: The child got lost in the crowd「その子は人混みで迷子になった」(そのこはひとごみでまいごになった). I found a lost child at the station「駅で迷子を見つけた」(えきでまいごをみつけた).

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

811

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Box

Reading

Parts

⺮Bamboo (竹)相Mutual

Example Word

箱: box. The Japanese noun '箱 (はこ)' means 'box'. It refers to a container, typically with a lid, used for storing or transporting items. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as packaging, storage, or even metaphorically. For example: Please put it in the box「それを箱に入れてください」(それをはこにいれてください). This box is heavy「この箱は重い」(このはこはおもい). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '郵便箱 (ゆうびんばこ)' (mailbox) or '宝石箱 (ほうせきばこ)' (jewelry box).

Radical

竹

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

814

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Follower, Junior

Reading

Parts

彳Stop 走Run

Example Word

徒: follower. The Japanese noun '徒 (と)' means 'follower' or 'disciple'. It is often used to refer to someone who follows a particular person, group, or ideology. This term can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation depending on the context, implying blind adherence or lack of independent thought. Example sentences: He is a follower of that philosophy「彼はその哲学の徒だ」(かれはそのてつがくのとだ). The followers of the cult were devoted「そのカルトの徒は熱心だった」(そのカルトのとはねっしんだった). Note that '徒' can also appear in compound words, such as '信徒 (しんと)' (believer) or '学徒 (がくと)' (student).

Radical

彳

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

815

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Medicine

Reading

Parts

艹Grass 楽Music, Pleasure

Example Word

薬局: pharmacy. The Japanese noun '薬局 (やっきょく)' refers to a 'pharmacy' or 'drugstore', a place where medicines are dispensed and sold. It is commonly used to describe a store or facility where you can purchase prescription and over-the-counter medications, as well as health-related products. For example: I bought medicine at the pharmacy「薬局で薬を買いました」(やっきょくでくすりをかいました). The pharmacy is closed today「薬局は今日閉まっています」(やっきょくはきょうしまっています). In Japan, 薬局 often also provides consultation services related to medications.

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

816

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Crown, Accept

Reading

Parts

丁Street 頁Page

Example Word

頂上: summit. The Japanese noun '頂上 (ちょうじょう)' refers to the highest point or peak of a mountain or hill. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the pinnacle or climax of something, such as a career or event. For example: we reached the summit「頂上に着いた」(ちょうじょうについた). The summit of his career「彼のキャリアの頂上」(かれのキャリアのちょうじょう). This word is often used in the context of mountain climbing or hiking, but can also be applied to other situations where reaching the highest point is significant.

Radical

頁

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

819

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Equip, Provide

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)卄 厂Cliff 用Use

Example Word

守備: defense. The Japanese verbal noun '守備 (しゅび)' means 'defense'. It is commonly used in contexts related to sports, military, or general protection. In sports, it refers to the act of defending against an opponent's attack. For example: His defense is strong「彼の守備は強い」(かれのしゅびはつよい). The team needs to improve their defense「チームは守備を改善する必要がある」(チームはしゅびをかいぜんするひつようがある). In a broader sense, it can also refer to safeguarding or protecting something, such as in 'national defense' (国防, こくぼう).

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

826

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Quick

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 束Bundle, Bind

Example Word

急速: rapid. The Japanese adjective '急速 (きゅうそく)' means 'rapid'. It is used to describe something that happens or progresses at a fast pace. This word is often used in contexts related to growth, development, or change. For example: rapid economic growth「急速な経済成長」(きゅうそくなけいざいせいちょう). The situation is changing rapidly「状況が急速に変化している」(じょうきょうがきゅうそくにへんかしている). Note that '急速' is typically used in formal or written contexts rather than casual conversation.

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

830

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Mutual

Reading

Parts

一One 二Two 彑

Example Word

お互い: each other. The Japanese noun 'お互い (おたがい)' means 'each other' or 'mutually'. It is used to describe a reciprocal relationship or action between two or more parties. This word is often used in contexts where people are doing something for or to each other. For example: We should help each other「私たちはお互いを助けるべきです」(わたしたちはおたがいをたすけるべきです). They respect each other「彼らはお互いを尊重します」(かれらはおたがいをそんちょうします). 'お互い' can also imply a sense of shared understanding or commonality, as in 'お互い様 (おたがいさま)', which means 'it's mutual' or 'we're in the same boat'.

Radical

二

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

835

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

File

Reading

Parts

歹Bad 刂Sword (刀)

Example Word

整列: formation or alignment. The Japanese verbal noun '整列 (せいれつ)' refers to the act of arranging or organizing things or people in a straight line or orderly manner. It is often used in contexts such as military formations, queues, or organizing objects. For example: The soldiers stood in perfect alignment「兵士たちは完璧に整列していた」(へいしたちはかんぺきにせいれつしていた). Please form a line「整列してください」(せいれつしてください). The books were neatly arranged on the shelf「本は棚に整列していた」(ほんはたなにせいれつしていた). The second meaning, 'formation', is used when referring to the arrangement of people or objects in a specific pattern or structure, such as in military or sports contexts.

Radical

刀

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

836

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Increase

Reading

Parts

土Soil 曽Formerly

Example Word

増減: fluctuation. The Japanese verbal noun '増減 (ぞうげん)' refers to the concept of fluctuation, specifically the increase and decrease of something. It is commonly used in contexts where changes in quantity, numbers, or levels are discussed, such as in economics, statistics, or everyday situations. For example: The number of visitors shows a significant fluctuation「訪問者の数は大きな増減を示しています」(ほうもんしゃのかずはおおきなぞうげんをしめしています). The price of vegetables fluctuates daily「野菜の価格は日々増減します」(やさいのかかくはひびぞうげんします). This term is neutral and can describe both positive and negative changes.

Radical

土

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

838

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

House

Reading

Parts

宀Roof 乇Depend

Example Word

帰宅: returning home. The Japanese verbal noun '帰宅 (きたく)' means 'returning home'. It is used to describe the act of going back to one's home, typically after being out for work, school, or other activities. This term is often used in formal or written contexts. For example: I will be returning home late tonight「今夜は帰宅が遅くなります」(こんやはきたくがおそくなります). After returning home, I took a bath「帰宅してからお風呂に入りました」(きたくしてからおふろにはいりました). The term can also be used in compound verbs, such as '帰宅する (きたくする)', which means 'to return home'.

Radical

宀

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

840

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Complete

Reading

Parts

宀Roof 元Origin

Example Word

完璧: perfection. The Japanese noun '完璧 (かんぺき)' means 'perfection'. It is used to describe something that is flawless, complete, or without any defects. This word is often used to emphasize the high quality or ideal state of something. For example: Her performance was perfect「彼女のパフォーマンスは完璧だった」(かのじょのパフォーマンスはかんぺきだった). This plan is flawless「このプランは完璧だ」(このプランはかんぺきだ). The word can also be used sarcastically or ironically to imply that something is too perfect or unrealistic. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Radical

宀

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

843

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Poor

Reading

Parts

分Minute, Part 貝Shellfish

Example Word

貧乏: poor. The Japanese adjectival noun '貧乏 (びんぼう)' means 'poor' in the sense of lacking financial resources. It describes a state of poverty or being impoverished. This word is often used to describe individuals, families, or situations where there is a lack of money or material wealth. For example: he is poor「彼は貧乏だ」(かれはびんぼうだ). We grew up poor「私たちは貧乏に育った」(わたしたちはびんぼうにそだった). It can also be used in compound words like '貧乏人 (びんぼうにん)' (poor person) or '貧乏生活 (びんぼうせいかつ)' (life of poverty). Note that this word carries a neutral to slightly negative connotation and is not typically used in formal contexts.

Radical

貝

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

844

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Negate

Reading

Parts

不Not 口Mouth

Example Word

否定: denial. The Japanese verbal noun '否定 (ひてい)' means 'denial' or 'negation'. It is used to express the act of denying or negating something, such as a statement, fact, or claim. This word is often used in formal or logical contexts. For example: he denied the accusation「彼はその非難を否定した」(かれはそのひなんをひていした). The theory was negated by new evidence「その理論は新しい証拠によって否定された」(そのりろんはあたらしいしょうこによってひていされた). It can also be used in phrases like '自己否定 (じこひてい)' (self-denial) or '否定形 (ひていけい)' (negative form in grammar).

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

846

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Cup, Cupfuls

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 不Not

Example Word

杯: counter. The Japanese suffix '杯 (はい)' is a counter used for counting cups, glasses, or bowlfuls of liquid. It is commonly used when referring to drinks or liquid servings. For example: one cup of coffee「コーヒー一杯」(コーヒーいっぱい). Two glasses of water「水二杯」(みずにはい). This counter is versatile and can be used with various beverages, such as tea, juice, or alcohol. It's important to note that the pronunciation changes to 'ぱい' when combined with certain numbers, such as 'いっぱい' for one cup.

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

848

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Catch

Reading

Parts

扌Hand (手)甫

Example Word

逮捕: arrest. The Japanese verbal noun '逮捕 (たいほ)' means 'arrest'. It refers to the act of taking someone into custody by legal authority, typically in the context of law enforcement. This term is commonly used in legal, news, and everyday contexts when discussing criminal activities or police actions. For example: The police made an arrest「警察が逮捕した」(けいさつがたいほした). He was arrested for theft「彼は窃盗で逮捕された」(かれはせっとうでたいほされた). Note that '逮捕' is often used in formal or serious contexts and is not typically used in casual conversation.

Radical

手

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

851

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Reach, Arrival

Reading

Parts

至Arrive, Climax 刂Sword (刀)

Example Word

到頭: finally. The Japanese adverb '到頭 (とうとう)' means 'finally' or 'at last'. It is used to indicate that something has happened after a long period of time or after much anticipation. This word often carries a nuance of relief, completion, or inevitability. For example: He finally arrived「彼は到頭到着した」(かれはとうとうとうちゃくした). The project is finally finished「そのプロジェクトは到頭終わった」(そのプロジェクトはとうとうおわった). Note that '到頭' is typically used in situations where the outcome was expected or inevitable, and it often implies a sense of closure.

Radical

刀

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

858

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Value, Price

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)直Straight, Repair

Example Word

値下げ: price reduction. The Japanese verbal noun '値下げ (ねさげ)' refers to the act of reducing the price of something. It is commonly used in retail, business, and economic contexts to describe discounts, markdowns, or price cuts. For example: The store announced a price reduction「店が値下げを発表した」(みせがねさげをはっぴょうした). We need to reduce the price of this product「この商品の値下げが必要だ」(このしょうひんのねさげがひつようだ). The term is often used in advertisements or discussions about pricing strategies.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

861

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Welcome

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 卬

Example Word

迎え: welcoming. The Japanese noun '迎え (むかえ)' refers to the act of welcoming or receiving someone, often used in contexts where someone is being picked up or greeted. It can also imply the act of meeting someone, such as at a station or airport. For example: I will go to the station to pick him up「彼を迎えに駅に行きます」(かれをむかえにえきにいきます). The welcoming of guests is important「お客様の迎えは大切です」(おきゃくさまのむかえはたいせつです). This word is often used in formal or polite settings, emphasizing the act of receiving someone with respect or hospitality.

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

870

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Inhale, Suck

Reading

Parts

口Mouth 及Reach, Extend

Example Word

吸う: inhale or suck. The Japanese verb '吸う (すう)' primarily means 'to suck' or 'to inhale'. It is used to describe the action of drawing something in, such as air, smoke, or liquid. For example: he inhaled deeply「彼は深く吸った」(かれはふかくすった). The baby is sucking milk「赤ちゃんがミルクを吸っている」(あかちゃんがミルクをすっている). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as absorbing knowledge or information. Note that the context often determines whether it refers to literal sucking or inhaling.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

872

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Capital, Resources

Reading

Parts

貝Shellfish 次Next

Example Word

投資: investment. The Japanese verbal noun '投資 (とうし)' means 'investment'. It refers to the act of investing money, time, or resources into something with the expectation of achieving a profit or benefit. This term is commonly used in financial contexts but can also apply to non-monetary investments, such as investing effort into a project. For example: He made a good investment in stocks「彼は株に良い投資をした」(かれはかぶにいいとうしをした). Investing in education is important「教育への投資は重要だ」(きょういくへのとうしはじゅうようだ). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as investing time in a relationship.

Radical

貝

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

874

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Choose

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 巽

Example Word

選: selection. The Japanese noun '選 (せん)' means 'selection' or 'choice'. It is often used in contexts where something is chosen or picked out from a group or set of options. This word can be part of compound words or used independently. For example: the selection of the winner「勝者の選」(しょうしゃのせん). The selection process is strict「選のプロセスは厳しい」(せんのぷろせすはきびしい). Note that '選' is often combined with other kanji to form words like '選挙 (せんきょ)' (election) or '選択 (せんたく)' (choice).

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

875

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Wash

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)先Before, Previous

Example Word

お手洗い: restroom. The Japanese noun 'お手洗い (おてあらい)' means 'restroom' or 'toilet'. It is a polite and formal way to refer to a bathroom or lavatory. This term is commonly used in public places, restaurants, and formal settings. For example: Where is the restroom?「お手洗いはどこですか？」(おてあらいはどこですか？). I need to use the restroom「お手洗いをお借りしたいです」(おてあらいをおかりしたいです). The prefix 'お' adds politeness, making it suitable for polite conversation.

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

877

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Crime

Reading

Parts

犭 㔾

Example Word

犯人: criminal. The Japanese noun '犯人 (はんにん)' refers to a 'criminal' or 'culprit', specifically someone who has committed a crime or wrongdoing. It is commonly used in legal, police, or investigative contexts. For example: The criminal was arrested「犯人は逮捕された」(はんにんはたいほされた). Who is the culprit?「犯人は誰ですか？」(はんにんはだれですか？). The word is neutral in tone and does not carry additional connotations unless specified by context.

Radical

犬

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

893

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Close, Shut

Reading

Parts

門Gate 才Talent, Age

Example Word

閉まる: close. The Japanese verb '閉まる (しまる)' means 'to close'. It is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object and describes something closing on its own. This verb is often used to describe doors, windows, or shops closing. For example: The door closed「ドアが閉まった」(ドアがしまった). The store closes at 9 PM「店は9時に閉まる」(みせはくじにしまる). Note that '閉まる' is different from '閉める (しめる)', which is a transitive verb meaning 'to close something' (e.g., 'I closed the door'「ドアを閉めた」(ドアをしめた)).

Radical

門

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

907

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Ashamed, Shame

Reading

Parts

心Heart 耳Ear

Example Word

恥: shame. The Japanese noun '恥 (はじ)' means 'shame'. It refers to the painful feeling of humiliation or distress caused by the consciousness of wrong or foolish behavior. This concept is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, where maintaining honor and avoiding shame are highly valued. For example: He felt shame for his actions「彼は自分の行動に恥を感じた」(かれはじぶんのこうどうにはじをかんじた). She couldn't bear the shame「彼女はその恥に耐えられなかった」(かのじょはそのはじにたえられなかった). The word can also be used in expressions like '恥をかく (はじをかく)', which means 'to be embarrassed' or 'to lose face'.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

913

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Talent, Age

Reading

Parts

亅Barb 一One 丿Katakana no

Example Word

天才: genius. The Japanese noun '天才 (てんさい)' refers to a person who possesses extraordinary intellectual or creative abilities, often described as a 'genius'. This term is used to highlight exceptional talent or brilliance in a specific field, such as art, science, or music. For example: he is a genius「彼は天才だ」(かれはてんさいだ). That child is a genius「あの子は天才だ」(あのこはてんさいだ). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something exceptionally well-made or innovative, though this usage is less common. It is important to note that '天才' carries a strong positive connotation and is often used to express admiration or awe.

Radical

手

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

916

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Word, Resign

Reading

Parts

舌Tongue 辛Hard, Spicy

Example Word

お辞儀: bow. The Japanese verbal noun 'お辞儀 (おじぎ)' refers to the act of bowing, which is a common gesture in Japanese culture used to show respect, gratitude, or apology. Bowing is deeply ingrained in Japanese etiquette and varies in depth and duration depending on the situation and the level of formality. For example: He bowed deeply to show his respect「彼は深くお辞儀をして敬意を示した」(かれはふかくおじぎをしてけいいをしめした). She gave a slight bow when greeting her teacher「彼女は先生に挨拶するとき軽くお辞儀をした」(かのじょはせんせいにあいさつするときかるくおじぎをした). The depth and duration of the bow can convey different levels of respect or formality, making it an important aspect of Japanese social interactions.

Radical

辛

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

941

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Tire, Exhausted

Reading

Parts

疒Sick 皮Skin

Example Word

疲れ: fatigue. The Japanese noun '疲れ (つかれ)' means 'fatigue' or 'tiredness'. It refers to the physical or mental state of being exhausted or worn out. This word is commonly used to describe the feeling after exertion, stress, or lack of rest. For example: I feel fatigue「疲れを感じる」(つかれをかんじる). His fatigue is noticeable「彼の疲れが目立つ」(かれのつかれがめだつ). It can also be used in phrases like '疲れが取れる (つかれがとれる)', meaning 'to recover from fatigue'.

Radical

疒

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

959

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Diligence

Reading

Parts

堇 力Power

Example Word

勤務: work or service. The Japanese verbal noun '勤務 (きんむ)' refers to the act of working or being employed, often in a formal or professional capacity. It is commonly used to describe one's job duties, employment status, or the act of serving in a specific role. For example: I work at a company「私は会社に勤務しています」(わたしはかいしゃにきんむしています). His service in the military was commendable「彼の軍隊での勤務は称賛に値する」(かれのぐんたいでのきんむはしょうさんにあたいする). The word is often used in contexts related to employment, such as '勤務時間 (きんむじかん)' (working hours) or '勤務先 (きんむさき)' (place of work).

Radical

力

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

962

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Dangerous, Steep

Reading

Parts

⻖ 㑒

Example Word

冒険: adventure. The Japanese verbal noun '冒険 (ぼうけん)' means 'adventure'. It refers to an exciting or unusual experience, often involving risk or danger. This word is commonly used to describe activities or journeys that are thrilling and out of the ordinary. For example: I love adventure「私は冒険が大好きです」(わたしはぼうけんがだいすきです). They went on an adventure「彼らは冒険に出かけました」(かれらはぼうけんにでかけました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe taking risks in life or business, as in '人生の冒険 (じんせいのぼうけん) (the adventure of life)'.

Radical

阜

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

984

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Blame, Liability

Reading

Parts

龶Life (生)貝Shellfish

Example Word

無責任: irresponsible. The Japanese adjectival noun '無責任 (むせきにん)' means 'irresponsible'. It is used to describe someone or something that lacks a sense of responsibility or fails to take accountability for their actions. This term can be applied to people, actions, or even systems. For example: His behavior was irresponsible「彼の行動は無責任だった」(かれのこうどうはむせきにんだった). The company's response was irresponsible「会社の対応は無責任だった」(かいしゃのたいおうはむせきにんだった). It is often used in contexts where someone neglects their duties or fails to consider the consequences of their actions.

Radical

貝

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

993

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Accustomed

Reading

Parts

忄 貫Pierce, Sushi counter

Example Word

習慣: habit. The Japanese noun '習慣 (しゅうかん)' means 'habit'. It refers to a regular practice or routine that a person or group follows, often unconsciously. This word can be used to describe personal habits, cultural practices, or societal norms. For example: It's important to have good habits「良い習慣を持つことが大切です」(よいしゅうかんをもつことがたいせつです). His habit of waking up early is impressive「彼の早起きの習慣は素晴らしい」(かれのはやおきのしゅうかんはすばらしい). The word can also refer to customs or traditions, as in 'cultural habits'「文化の習慣」(ぶんかのしゅうかん).

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

994

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Exclude, Remove

Reading

Parts

⻖ 余Excess

Example Word

控除: deduction. The Japanese noun '控除 (こうじょ)' refers to a 'deduction', typically in financial or tax contexts. It is used to describe an amount subtracted from a total, such as taxes, expenses, or allowances. For example: tax deduction「税金の控除」(ぜいきんのこうじょ). The company allows a deduction for travel expenses「会社は旅費の控除を認めている」(かいしゃはりょひのこうじょをみとめている). This term is commonly used in official documents, financial statements, and discussions about income or expenses.

Radical

阜

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1003

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Defeat

Reading

Parts

貝Shellfish 攵Strike

Example Word

失敗: failure. The Japanese verbal noun '失敗 (しっぱい)' means 'failure'. It refers to the act of failing to achieve a desired result or making a mistake. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as academic, professional, or personal situations. For example: I made a mistake in the exam「試験で失敗した」(しけんでしっぱいした). He failed in his attempt to climb the mountain「彼は山登りに失敗した」(かれはやまのぼりにしっぱいした). It can also be used to describe a failed experiment or project: The experiment was a failure「その実験は失敗だった」(そのじっけんはしっぱいだった).

Radical

攴

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1005

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Tooth

Reading

Parts

止Stop 米Rice 凵Open box

Example Word

歯科: dentistry. The Japanese noun '歯科 (しか)' refers to the field of dentistry. It is commonly used in contexts related to dental care, dental clinics, or dental professionals. For example: I went to the dentistry「歯科に行きました」(しかにいきました). She works in dentistry「彼女は歯科で働いています」(かのじょはしかではたらいています). The term is often seen in compound words like '歯科医 (しかい)' (dentist) or '歯科医院 (しかいいん)' (dental clinic).

Radical

止

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1006

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Mistake

Reading

Parts

訁Say (言)呉Give, Wu China

Example Word

誤り: mistake. The Japanese noun '誤り (あやまり)' means 'mistake' or 'error'. It refers to an incorrect action, decision, or judgment. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to describe errors in reasoning, calculations, or behavior. For example: I realized my mistake「私は誤りに気づいた」(わたしはあやまりにきづいた). Correcting mistakes is important「誤りを直すことは大切だ」(あやまりをなおすことはたいせつだ). The word can also be used in compound phrases like '誤りを犯す (あやまりをおかす)' (to make a mistake).

Radical

言

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1015

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Suitable

Reading

Parts

辶Walk 啇

Example Word

最適: optimal. The Japanese adjectival noun '最適 (さいてき)' means 'optimal'. It is used to describe something that is the most suitable or best possible under given conditions. This term is often used in contexts where efficiency, effectiveness, or suitability is being evaluated. For example: This is the optimal solution「これが最適な解決策です」(これがさいてきなかいけつさくです). The optimal temperature for this experiment is 25 degrees「この実験に最適な温度は25度です」(このじっけんにさいてきなおんどは25どです). It can also be used to describe the best fit or match for a particular purpose, such as in '最適な人材 (さいてきなじんざい) (optimal personnel)'.

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1017

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Steal

Reading

Parts

次Next 皿Plate

Example Word

強盗: robbery. The Japanese noun '強盗 (ごうとう)' refers to the act of robbery, which involves stealing from a person or place using force or the threat of force. This term is often used in legal contexts and news reports to describe serious crimes. For example: The robbery happened at the bank「強盗は銀行で起こった」(ごうとうはぎんこうでおこった). He was arrested for robbery「彼は強盗で逮捕された」(かれはごうとうでたいほされた). The word can also be used to describe a robber, but the primary meaning is the act of robbery itself.

Radical

皿

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1028

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Cat

Reading

Parts

犭 苗Seedling

Example Word

猫: cat. The Japanese noun '猫 (ねこ)' means 'cat'. This word refers to the domestic feline animal, commonly kept as a pet. It can be used in various contexts, such as describing a pet, talking about cats in general, or even in idiomatic expressions. For example: I have a cat「猫を飼っています」(ねこをかっています). The cat is sleeping「猫が寝ている」(ねこがねている). Cats are cute「猫はかわいい」(ねこはかわいい). The word '猫' is straightforward and widely used in everyday conversation.

Radical

犬

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1031

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Lack

Reading

Example Word

欠く: lack or chip. The Japanese verb '欠く (かく)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to lack' or 'to be missing something essential'. For example: he lacks experience「彼は経験を欠く」(かれはけいけんをかく). The second meaning is 'to chip' or 'to break off a piece'. For example: I chipped the cup「カップを欠いた」(カップをかいた). These meanings are unrelated and depend on the context in which the verb is used. When used to mean 'lack', it often refers to something intangible like skills or qualities. When used to mean 'chip', it refers to physical damage to an object.

Radical

欠

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1037

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Expense

Reading

Parts

弗 貝Shellfish

Example Word

消費: consumption. The Japanese verbal noun '消費 (しょうひ)' means 'consumption'. It refers to the act of using up resources, goods, or services. This term is commonly used in economic contexts to describe the use of goods and services by households, but it can also refer to the consumption of energy, time, or other resources. For example: energy consumption「エネルギー消費」(えねるぎーしょうひ). The consumption of goods has increased「商品の消費が増えた」(しょうひんのしょうひがふえた). It's important to note that '消費' can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as the consumption of time or effort.

Radical

貝

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1046

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Toil

Reading

Parts

奴Servant, Dude 力Power

Example Word

努力: effort. The Japanese verbal noun '努力 (どりょく)' means 'effort'. It refers to the act of striving or working hard towards a goal. This word is often used in contexts where perseverance and dedication are emphasized. For example: He made an effort to learn Japanese「彼は日本語を学ぶために努力した」(かれはにほんごをまなぶためにどりょくした). Without effort, success is impossible「努力なしでは成功は不可能だ」(どりょくなしではせいこうはふかのうだ). The word can also be used in phrases like '努力家 (どりょくか)', which means 'hard worker' or 'diligent person'.

Radical

力

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1066

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Standard, Regulation

Reading

Parts

夫Man, Husband 見See

Example Word

正規: regular. The Japanese noun '正規 (せいき)' means 'regular' or 'standard'. It is often used to describe something that follows official rules, standards, or norms. For example, it can refer to regular employees (as opposed to part-time or temporary workers) or standard procedures. Example sentences: He is a regular employee「彼は正規の社員です」(かれはせいきのしゃいんです). This is the standard procedure「これは正規の手順です」(これはせいきのてじゅんです). The word can also imply legitimacy or formality in certain contexts.

Radical

見

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1074

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Wealth

Reading

Parts

貝Shellfish 才Talent, Age

Example Word

財政: finance. The Japanese noun '財政 (ざいせい)' refers to 'finance' or 'financial affairs', particularly in the context of public or government finance. It is commonly used to discuss the financial condition, management, or policies of a government, organization, or institution. For example: The government's finances are in bad shape「政府の財政は悪い状態です」(せいふのざいせいはわるいじょうたいです). The city is struggling with its finances「市の財政が苦しい」(しのざいせいがくるしい). This term is often used in formal or administrative contexts and is distinct from personal or private finance, which would typically use terms like '家計 (かけい)' or '個人の財政 (こじんのざいせい)'.

Radical

貝

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1086

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Ball

Reading

Parts

王King 求Request, Seek

Example Word

野球: baseball. The Japanese noun '野球 (やきゅう)' means 'baseball'. It refers to the sport of baseball, which is widely popular in Japan. The word is used in various contexts, such as discussing games, players, or the sport in general. For example: I like baseball「私は野球が好きです」(わたしはやきゅうがすきです). He plays baseball「彼は野球をします」(かれはやきゅうをします). The term is also used in compound words, such as '野球場 (やきゅうじょう)' (baseball stadium) or '野球選手 (やきゅうせんしゅ)' (baseball player).

Radical

玉

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1093

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Obtain

Reading

Parts

丩 又Again

Example Word

収入: income. The Japanese noun '収入 (しゅうにゅう)' refers to 'income', which is the money or earnings received regularly from work, investments, or other sources. It is commonly used in contexts related to personal finance, business, or economics. For example: my monthly income is 300,000 yen「私の月収は30万円です」(わたしのげっしゅうはさんじゅうまんえんです). His income increased last year「彼の収入は去年増えました」(かれのしゅうにゅうはきょねんふえました). This word is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Radical

又

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1107

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Couple, By chance

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)禺

Example Word

偶に: occasionally. The Japanese adverb '偶に (たまに)' means 'occasionally' or 'once in a while'. It is used to describe actions or events that happen infrequently or at irregular intervals. This adverb is often used in casual conversation to express something that doesn't happen often. For example: I occasionally go to the park「偶に公園に行きます」(たまにこうえんにいきます). She occasionally eats sushi「彼女は偶に寿司を食べます」(かのじょはたまにすしをたべます). The nuance of '偶に' implies rarity or infrequency, making it distinct from words like '時々 (ときどき)', which means 'sometimes' and suggests a more regular occurrence.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1130

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Slow, Late

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 尸Corpse 羊Sheep

Example Word

遅れ: delay. The Japanese noun '遅れ (おくれ)' means 'delay'. It refers to a situation where something is behind schedule or late. This word is commonly used in contexts involving time, such as transportation, deadlines, or events. For example: The train is delayed「電車が遅れている」(でんしゃがおくれている). There is a delay in the project「プロジェクトに遅れがある」(プロジェクトにおくれがある). It can also be used metaphorically to describe being behind in progress or development, such as '遅れをとる (おくれをとる)' which means 'to fall behind'.

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1133

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Shoe, Shoes

Reading

Parts

革Reform, Leather 化Change

Example Word

靴下: socks. The Japanese noun '靴下 (くつした)' means 'socks'. This word refers to the garment worn on the feet, typically under shoes, for warmth, comfort, or hygiene. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to any type of socks, such as ankle socks, knee-high socks, or even stockings. Example sentences: I bought new socks「新しい靴下を買いました」(あたらしいくつしたをかいました). These socks are comfortable「この靴下は快適です」(このくつしたはかいてきです). The word is often used in contexts related to clothing, shopping, or daily routines.

Radical

革

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1196

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Invite

Reading

Parts

扌Hand (手)召Seduce, Summon

Example Word

招く: cause or invite. The Japanese verb '招く (まねく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to invite,' which refers to asking someone to come to a place or event. For example: I invited my friend to the party「友達をパーティーに招いた」(ともだちをぱーてぃーにまねいた). The second meaning is 'to cause,' often implying the unintentional or indirect result of an action. For example: His actions caused trouble「彼の行動は問題を招いた」(かれのこうどうはもんだいをまねいた). The verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, and its meaning depends on the situation. When used as 'invite,' it often involves hospitality or social gatherings, while 'cause' is more abstract and can refer to outcomes, consequences, or events.

Radical

手

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1209

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Great, Admirable

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)韋

Example Word

偉大: great. The Japanese adjective '偉大 (いだい)' means 'great' and is used to describe something or someone of extraordinary significance, importance, or magnitude. It often conveys a sense of awe or admiration. This word is typically used in formal or literary contexts to describe historical figures, achievements, or monumental events. For example: He is a great leader「彼は偉大なリーダーです」(かれはいだいなリーダーです). The discovery was a great achievement「その発見は偉大な業績でした」(そのはっけんはいだいなぎょうせきでした). Note that '偉大' carries a stronger and more formal tone compared to other words like 'すごい' or '大きい'.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1210

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Busy

Reading

Parts

忄 亡Death, Deceased

Example Word

多忙: busy. The Japanese adjectival noun '多忙 (たぼう)' means 'busy'. It is used to describe a state of being very occupied or having a lot of tasks to do. This term is often used in formal or written contexts to convey a high level of busyness. For example: He is busy with work「彼は仕事で多忙だ」(かれはしごとでたぼうだ). Due to the busy schedule, I couldn't attend the meeting「多忙なスケジュールのため、会議に出席できなかった」(たぼうなスケジュールのため、かいぎにしゅっせきできなかった). Note that '多忙' is more formal than the more commonly used '忙しい (いそがしい)', which also means 'busy' but is used in everyday conversation.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1327

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Harbor, Port

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)共Together 己Oneself

Example Word

港: port. The Japanese noun '港 (みなと)' means 'port' or 'harbor'. It refers to a place where ships dock to load and unload goods or passengers. This word is commonly used in contexts related to maritime activities, trade, and travel. For example: The ship arrived at the port「船が港に着いた」(ふねがみなとについた). This is a busy port「これは賑やかな港です」(これはにぎやかなみなとです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a safe or welcoming place, such as 'a port in a storm'.

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1423

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Swim

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)永Eternity

Example Word

水泳: swimming. The Japanese verbal noun '水泳 (すいえい)' means 'swimming'. It refers to the activity or sport of moving through water by using one's arms and legs. This word is commonly used in contexts related to sports, exercise, or recreational activities. For example: I like swimming「水泳が好きです」(すいえいがすきです). Swimming is good for health「水泳は健康に良い」(すいえいけんこうにいい). It can also be used in compound words, such as '水泳大会 (すいえいたいかい)' (swimming competition).

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1544

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Praise, Agree

Reading

Parts

貝Shellfish 夫Man, Husband

Example Word

賛成: agreement. The Japanese verbal noun '賛成 (さんせい)' means 'agreement' or 'approval'. It is used to express consent or support for an idea, proposal, or opinion. This word is commonly used in formal and informal contexts, such as meetings, discussions, or everyday conversations. For example: I agree with your opinion「あなたの意見に賛成です」(あなたのいけんにさんせいです). The committee approved the proposal「委員会はその提案に賛成した」(いいんかいはそのていあんにさんせいした). Note that '賛成' is often paired with the particle 'に' to indicate what is being agreed upon, as in '提案に賛成する (ていあんにさんせいする) (to agree with the proposal)'.

Radical

貝

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1571

Handwriting