Jōyō KanjiOrganized by Onyomi reading

kanji

Meaning

Go

Reading

Parts

彳Stop 一One 丁Street

Example Word

飛行: flight. The Japanese verbal noun '飛行 (ひこう)' means 'flight'. It refers to the act or process of flying, typically by an aircraft, bird, or other flying object. This term is commonly used in contexts related to aviation, travel, or nature. For example: The flight was smooth「飛行はスムーズでした」(ひこうはスムーズでした). Birds are capable of flight「鳥は飛行ができる」(とりはひこうができる). It can also be used in compound words, such as '飛行機 (ひこうき)' (airplane) or '宇宙飛行 (うちゅうひこう)' (spaceflight).

Radical

行

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

18

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

After, Behind

Reading

Parts

彳Stop 夂Late 幺Slight

Example Word

後半: second half. The Japanese noun '後半 (こうはん)' refers to the 'second half' of something, such as a period of time, an event, or a game. It is often used in contexts like sports, movies, or academic terms. For example: The second half of the movie was exciting「映画の後半は興奮した」(えいがのこうはんはこうふんした). The second half of the year is busy「年の後半は忙しい」(としのこうはんはいそがしい). This term is commonly paired with '前半 (ぜんはん)' to denote the first half of something.

Radical

彳

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

45

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Mouth

Reading

Parts

冂Enclosure 一One

Example Word

出入り口: entrance. The Japanese noun '出入り口 (でいりぐち)' refers to an 'entrance' or 'exit'. It is commonly used to denote a point of entry or exit in buildings, rooms, or other enclosed spaces. The word combines the characters for 'exit' (出) and 'entrance' (入), emphasizing its dual function. For example: Please use the main entrance「メインの出入り口を使ってください」(めいんのでいりぐちをつかってください). The emergency exit is over there「非常口はあそこです」(ひじょうぐちはあそこです). Note that while '出入り口' can refer to both entrances and exits, context usually clarifies its specific meaning.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

82

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Think, Consider

Reading

Parts

耂Old (老)丂Breath obstruction

Example Word

考え: thought or idea. The Japanese noun '考え (かんがえ)' refers to a 'thought' or 'idea'. It is used to describe the process of thinking or the result of that process, such as a concept or opinion. This word is often used in contexts where someone is expressing their thoughts or ideas about a particular topic. For example: His thoughts are always deep「彼の考えはいつも深い」(かれのかんがえはいつもふかい). I have a new idea「新しい考えがあります」(あたらしいかんがえがあります). It can also be used in phrases like '考えを変える (かんがえをかえる)' which means 'to change one's mind'.

Radical

老

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

91

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Facing, Yonder

Reading

Parts

丿Katakana no 冋Desert

Example Word

向く: face. The Japanese verb '向く (むく)' primarily means 'to face' or 'to turn toward'. It is used to describe the direction something or someone is facing or turning. This verb can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: he turned toward the door「彼はドアに向いた」(かれはドアにむいた). This job suits me「この仕事は私に向いている」(このしごとはわたしにむいている). In the second example, '向く' is used figuratively to mean 'to be suited for' or 'to be appropriate for'. The verb can also imply suitability or compatibility in certain contexts, such as when describing whether something is a good fit for someone.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

103

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

High, Expensive

Reading

Parts

亠Lid 口Mouth 冂Enclosure

Example Word

高速道路: highway. The Japanese noun '高速道路 (こうそくどうろ)' refers to a 'highway' or 'expressway'. It is a type of road designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, typically with multiple lanes and limited access points. Highways in Japan are often toll roads and are crucial for long-distance travel and transportation. For example: We took the highway to get to the city quickly「高速道路を使って早く街に着きました」(こうそくどうろをつかってはやくまちにつきました). The highway was congested due to an accident「高速道路は事故で渋滞していました」(こうそくどうろはじこでじゅうたいしていました).

Radical

高

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

125

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Light

Reading

Parts

⺌Small (小)一One 儿Legs

Example Word

光る: shine. The Japanese verb '光る (ひかる)' means 'to shine' or 'to glitter'. It is used to describe something emitting light or reflecting light brightly. This verb can be applied to natural phenomena, objects, or even abstract concepts like talent or potential. For example: The stars shine brightly「星が光る」(ほしがひかる). Her eyes shine with excitement「彼女の目が興奮で光る」(かのじょのめがこうふんでひかる). The verb can also imply something standing out or being remarkable, as in 'His talent shines'「彼の才能が光る」(かれのさいのうがひかる).

Radical

儿

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

170

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Like, Fond

Reading

Parts

女Woman 子Child

Example Word

好奇心: curiosity. The Japanese noun '好奇心 (こうきしん)' means 'curiosity'. It refers to a strong desire to know or learn something, often driven by interest or fascination. This word is commonly used in contexts where someone is eager to explore, discover, or understand new things. For example: Her curiosity led her to study abroad「彼女の好奇心が彼女を留学させた」(かのじょのこうきしんがかのじょをりゅうがくさせた). Children have a natural curiosity「子供は自然な好奇心を持っている」(こどもはしぜんなこうきしんをもっている). The word can also be used in phrases like '好奇心をそそる (こうきしんをそそる)', which means 'to pique one's curiosity'.

Radical

女

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

177

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Public

Reading

Parts

八Eight 厶Private

Example Word

公務: official duty. The Japanese noun '公務 (こうむ)' refers to 'official duty' or 'public service'. It is commonly used to describe work or responsibilities carried out by government employees or public officials. This term emphasizes the formal and public nature of the duties. For example: He is busy with official duties「彼は公務で忙しい」(かれはこうむでいそがしい). Public officials must prioritize their official duties「公務員は公務を優先しなければならない」(こうむいんはこうむをゆうせんしなければならない). The word is often associated with roles in government, administration, or public institutions.

Radical

八

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

295

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Creek, Inlet

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)工Construction

Example Word

江: bay. The Japanese suffix '江 (こう)' means 'bay' and is often used in geographical names to denote a bay or inlet. It is commonly found in place names, such as 'Tokyo Bay (東京湾, とうきょうわん)' or 'Osaka Bay (大阪湾, おおさかわん)'. This suffix is typically used in formal or historical contexts and is not commonly used in everyday conversation. For example: Tokyo Bay is beautiful「東京湾は美しい」(とうきょうわんはうつくしい). The ships are anchored in Osaka Bay「船は大阪湾に停泊している」(ふねはおおさかわんにていはくしている).

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

376

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Happiness

Reading

Parts

土Soil 𢆉Sheep (羊)

Example Word

幸福: happiness. The Japanese adjectival noun '幸福 (こうふく)' means 'happiness'. It refers to a state of well-being, contentment, or joy. This word is often used in formal or literary contexts to describe a deep or lasting sense of happiness. For example: I wish you happiness「あなたに幸福を願います」(あなたにこうふくをねがいます). True happiness is hard to find「真の幸福を見つけるのは難しい」(しんのこうふくをみつけるのはむずかしい). Note that '幸福' is more profound and less casual than other words for happiness like '幸せ (しあわせ)', which is more commonly used in everyday conversation.

Radical

干

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

380

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

School

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 交Mix

Example Word

学校: school. The Japanese noun '学校 (がっこう)' means 'school'. It refers to an institution where students receive education, typically ranging from elementary to high school levels. The word is commonly used in everyday conversations and formal contexts. For example: I go to school「私は学校に行きます」(わたしはがっこうにいきます). The school is big「その学校は大きい」(そのがっこうはおおきい). It can also be used in compound words, such as '小学校 (しょうがっこう)' (elementary school) or '学校生活 (がっこうせいかつ)' (school life).

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

404

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Construction

Reading

Parts

丅Down (下)一One

Example Word

大工: carpenter. The Japanese noun '大工 (だいく)' refers to a 'carpenter', a skilled worker who builds or repairs wooden structures. This term is commonly used to describe professionals who work in construction, particularly with wood. For example: The carpenter built a house「大工が家を建てた」(だいくがいえをたてた). I hired a carpenter to fix the door「ドアを直すために大工を雇った」(ドアをなおすためにだいくをやとった). The word carries a sense of craftsmanship and expertise in woodworking.

Radical

工

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

411

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Wide

Reading

Parts

厶Private 广Dotted cliff

Example Word

広告: advertisement. The Japanese verbal noun '広告 (こうこく)' means 'advertisement'. It refers to a notice or announcement promoting a product, service, or event. This word is commonly used in contexts related to marketing, media, and business. For example: I saw an advertisement on TV「テレビで広告を見た」(テレビでこうこくをみた). The company placed an advertisement in the newspaper「会社は新聞に広告を出した」(かいしゃはしんぶんにこうこくをだした). '広告' can also be used in compound words like '広告費 (こうこくひ)' (advertising expenses) or '広告代理店 (こうこくだいりてん)' (advertising agency).

Radical

广

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

428

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Descend, Fall

Reading

Parts

⻖ 夅

Example Word

以降: after. The Japanese noun '以降 (いこう)' means 'after' or 'from a certain point onward'. It is used to indicate a time or event that marks the beginning of a period, and everything that follows it. This word is often used in formal or written contexts. For example: after 5 PM「5時以降」(ごじいこう). From tomorrow onward「明日以降」(あしたいこう). It can also be used to refer to events or situations that occur after a specific point in time, such as 'after the war'「戦争以降」(せんそういこう). Note that '以降' is typically used for time-related contexts and is more formal than other similar words like '後 (あと)'.

Radical

阜

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

444

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Status

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 各Each

Example Word

人格: personality. The Japanese noun '人格 (じんかく)' refers to 'personality' or 'character'. It is used to describe the unique set of qualities, traits, and behaviors that define an individual. This term is often used in psychological, philosophical, or everyday contexts to discuss someone's moral or ethical nature. For example: He has a strong personality「彼は人格が強い」(かれはじんかくがつよい). Respecting others' personalities is important「他人の人格を尊重することが大切です」(たにんのじんかくをそんちょうすることがたいせつです). The word can also imply a sense of dignity or individuality, as in '人格を尊重する (じんかくをそんちょうする) (to respect someone's dignity).'

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

461

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Mix

Reading

Parts

亠Lid 父Father

Example Word

交わる: mingle or intersect. The Japanese verb '交わる (まじわる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to intersect', which refers to lines, paths, or roads crossing each other. For example: The two roads intersect here「ここで二つの道が交わる」(ここでふたつのみちがまじわる). The second meaning is 'to mingle', which refers to people or things mixing or interacting with each other. For example: People from different cultures mingled at the event「異なる文化の人々がイベントで交わった」(ことなるぶんかのひとびとがイベントでまじわった). The verb can be used in both physical and abstract contexts, depending on the situation.

Radical

亠

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

470

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Look up

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)卬

Example Word

信仰: faith. The Japanese verbal noun '信仰 (しんこう)' means 'faith' or 'belief'. It refers to a strong belief in a religion, deity, or spiritual practice. This word is often used in contexts related to religious devotion or trust in a higher power. For example: he has strong faith in Buddhism「彼は仏教に強い信仰を持っている」(かれはぶっきょうにつよいしんこうをもっている). Faith can move mountains「信仰は山をも動かす」(しんこうはやまをもうごかす). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to discuss religious or spiritual matters.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

509

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Interest, Entertain

Reading

Parts

臼Mortar 同Same ハ

Example Word

復興: recovery or revival. The Japanese noun '復興 (ふっこう)' refers to the act of recovering or reviving something, often after a period of decline or destruction. It is commonly used in contexts such as economic recovery, reconstruction after disasters, or cultural revival. For example: The town is in recovery after the earthquake「その町は地震の後、復興中です」(そのまちはじしんのあと、ふっこうちゅうです). The revival of traditional arts is important「伝統芸術の復興は重要です」(でんとうげいじゅつのふっこうはじゅうようです). Note that while 'recovery' and 'revival' are closely related, they can apply to different contexts, such as physical reconstruction versus cultural or economic resurgence.

Radical

臼

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

532

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Renew, Grow late

Reading

Parts

曰

Example Word

夜更かし: staying up late. The Japanese verbal noun '夜更かし (よふかし)' refers to the act of staying up late at night, often past one's usual bedtime. It is commonly used to describe staying awake late into the night, whether for work, study, entertainment, or other activities. For example: I stayed up late last night「昨夜は夜更かしをした」(さくやはよふかしをした). Staying up late is bad for your health「夜更かしは健康に悪い」(よふかしはけんこうにわるい). This term carries a nuance of staying awake longer than usual, often implying a lack of sleep or a deviation from a regular sleep schedule.

Radical

曰

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

533

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Structure, Care

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 冓

Example Word

結構: quite or fine. The Japanese adjective '結構 (けっこう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'fine' or 'sufficient', often used to express that something is acceptable or satisfactory. For example: This is fine「これで結構です」(これでけっこうです). The second meaning is 'quite' or 'fairly', used to indicate a moderate degree of something. For example: It's quite interesting「結構面白い」(けっこうおもしろい). The word can also be used politely to decline offers, as in 'No, thank you, I'm fine'「結構です」(けっこうです). The nuance of '結構' can vary depending on the context, so it's important to pay attention to the tone and situation in which it is used.

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

557

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Climate

Reading

Parts

丨Stick 侯Marquis, Feudal lord

Example Word

候: season. The Japanese noun '候 (こう)' refers to a 'season' or 'weather condition'. It is often used in formal or literary contexts to describe the current season or atmospheric conditions. For example: the season of cherry blossoms「桜の候」(さくらのこう). This word is also used in traditional Japanese letters to indicate the season, as in '早春の候 (そうしゅんのこう) (early spring season)'. Note that this term is less common in everyday conversation and is typically reserved for written or formal contexts.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

580

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Hill

Reading

Parts

冂Enclosure 䒑Herbs 山Mountain

Radical

山

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

670

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Armor, Shell

Reading

Parts

田Rice field ｜

Example Word

甲: shell or first. The Japanese noun '甲 (こう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to the shell of a turtle or tortoise, often used in traditional contexts or literature. For example: the turtle's shell is hard「亀の甲は硬い」(かめのこうはかたい). The second meaning is 'first' in a sequence, such as in the traditional ordering system (甲, 乙, 丙, etc.), which is similar to 'A, B, C' in English. For example: this is the first item「これは甲の項目です」(これはこうのこうもくです). The word is also used in compound words like '甲羅 (こうら)' (shell) or '甲乙 (こうおつ)' (first and second).

Radical

田

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

696

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Yellow

Reading

Parts

由Reason 八Eight 一One 艹Grass

Example Word

黄: yellow. The Japanese noun '黄 (き)' means 'yellow'. It refers to the color yellow and is often used in contexts related to colors, such as describing objects, nature, or art. For example: The leaves turn yellow in autumn「秋には葉が黄色になる」(あきにははがきいろになる). She wore a yellow dress「彼女は黄色のドレスを着ていた」(かのじょはきいろのドレスをきていた). While '黄' can sometimes be used in compound words or names, its primary meaning is the color yellow.

Radical

黃

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

699

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Wild, Rough

Reading

Parts

艹Grass 巟

Example Word

荒れる: be rough. The Japanese verb '荒れる (あれる)' primarily means 'to be rough' or 'to be wild'. It is often used to describe weather conditions, such as storms or rough seas, but can also describe emotional states or chaotic situations. For example: The sea is rough today「今日は海が荒れている」(きょうはうみがあれている). His emotions were wild「彼の感情が荒れていた」(かれのかんじょうがあれていた). Additionally, it can describe something becoming ruined or neglected, such as a garden or a relationship. For example: The garden has become overgrown「庭が荒れている」(にわがあれている).

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

749

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Fragrance

Reading

Parts

日Day, Sun 禾Cereal

Example Word

香水: perfume. The Japanese noun '香水 (こうすい)' means 'perfume'. It refers to a fragrant liquid typically made from essential oils and used to impart a pleasant scent to the body or surroundings. This word is commonly used in contexts related to personal grooming, fashion, or gifts. For example: She bought a new perfume「彼女は新しい香水を買った」(かのじょはあたらしいこうすいをかった). This perfume smells like roses「この香水はバラの香りがする」(このこうすいのはバラのかおりがする). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is pleasing or attractive in a non-literal sense.

Radical

香

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

773

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Emperor

Reading

Parts

王King 白White

Example Word

皇子: prince. The Japanese noun '皇子 (おうじ)' refers to a 'prince', specifically the son of an emperor or a king. This term is used in the context of royalty and is often seen in historical or formal settings. It carries a sense of nobility and high status. For example: The prince is very kind「皇子はとても親切です」(おうじはとてもしんせつです). The prince visited the village「皇子は村を訪れました」(おうじはむらをおとずれました). It's important to note that '皇子' is a more formal term compared to '王子 (おうじ)', which can also mean 'prince' but is used more broadly for any prince, not necessarily the son of an emperor.

Radical

白

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

782

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Crimson

Reading

Parts

糸Thread 工Construction

Example Word

紅茶: black tea. The Japanese noun '紅茶 (こうちゃ)' refers to 'black tea'. This term is used to describe the type of tea that is more oxidized than green, oolong, and white teas, resulting in a stronger flavor. It is commonly consumed in Japan, often served hot or cold. Example sentences include: I drink black tea every morning「毎朝紅茶を飲みます」(まいあさこうちゃをのみます). This black tea is very fragrant「この紅茶はとても香りがいい」(このこうちゃはとてもかおりがいい). Note that '紅茶' specifically refers to black tea and not other types of tea, which have different names in Japanese.

Radical

糸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

791

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Merit, Achievement

Reading

Parts

力Power 工Construction

Example Word

成功: success. The Japanese verbal noun '成功 (せいこう)' means 'success'. It refers to the achievement of a desired goal or outcome. This word is commonly used in contexts related to personal, professional, or academic achievements. For example: His success was celebrated by everyone「彼の成功は皆に祝われた」(かれのせいこうはみんなにいわわれた). The project was a great success「そのプロジェクトは大成功だった」(そのプロジェクトはだいせいこうだった). Note that '成功' can also be used as a verb when combined with the auxiliary verb 'する', as in '成功する (せいこうする)', meaning 'to succeed'.

Radical

力

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

991

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Lecture

Reading

Parts

訁Say (言)冓

Example Word

講ずる: take. The Japanese verb '講ずる (こうずる)' means 'to take' or 'to implement' measures, actions, or steps. It is often used in formal or official contexts to describe the act of taking specific actions or measures to address a situation or problem. For example: The government will take measures to prevent the spread of the disease「政府は病気の拡散を防ぐために講ずる」(せいふはびょうきのかくさんをふせぐためにこうずる). The company took steps to improve employee satisfaction「会社は従業員の満足度を向上させるために講じた」(かいしゃはじゅうぎょういんのまんぞくどをこうじょうさせるためにこうじた). This verb is typically used in written or formal speech and is less common in casual conversation.

Radical

言

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1050

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Skill, Adept

Reading

Parts

工Construction 丂Breath obstruction

Example Word

巧み: skillful. The Japanese adjectival noun '巧み (たくみ)' means 'skillful'. It describes someone or something that is adept, clever, or masterful in performing a task or creating something. It often carries a nuance of artistry or finesse. For example: His skillful speech moved the audience「彼の巧みなスピーチは聴衆を感動させた」(かれのたくみなすぴーちはちょうしゅうをかんどうさせた). The artist's skillful brushwork is amazing「その画家の巧みな筆遣いは素晴らしい」(そのがかのたくみなふでづかいはすばらしい). This word is often used to describe craftsmanship, strategy, or performance.

Radical

工

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1069

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Healthy, Peaceful

Reading

Parts

广Dotted cliff 隶

Example Word

健康: health. The Japanese adjectival noun '健康 (けんこう)' means 'health'. It refers to the state of being physically and mentally well. It is often used to describe a person's condition or lifestyle. For example: maintaining good health is important「健康を保つことは大切です」(けんこうをたもつことはたいせつです). She is in good health「彼女は健康です」(かのじょはけんこうです). This word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '健康診断 (けんこうしんだん)' (health checkup).

Radical

广

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1072

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Rope, Hawser

Reading

Parts

糸Thread 岡Hill

Example Word

綱: rope. The Japanese noun '綱 (つな)' refers to a 'rope'. This word is used to describe a thick, strong cord made by twisting together strands of natural or synthetic fibers. It is commonly used in contexts involving tying, pulling, or securing objects. For example: Please tie the boat with the rope「ボートを綱で結んでください」(ボートをつなでむすんでください). The rope is strong「その綱は強いです」(そのつなはつよいです). Additionally, '綱' can metaphorically represent a connection or bond between people, such as in the phrase '絆 (きずな)', which also means 'bond' but is written with a different kanji.

Radical

糸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1143

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Thick, Kind

Reading

Parts

厂Cliff 日Day, Sun 子Child

Example Word

厚着: heavy clothing. The Japanese verbal noun '厚着 (あつぎ)' refers to the act of wearing heavy or thick clothing, typically to keep warm in cold weather. It is often used to describe bundling up or layering clothes. For example: She is wearing heavy clothing to stay warm「彼女は厚着をして暖かくしている」(かのじょはあつぎをしてあたたかくしている). In winter, thick clothing is necessary「冬には厚着が必要だ」(ふゆにはあつぎがひつようだ). This term is commonly used in contexts related to cold weather preparation and comfort.

Radical

厂

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1170

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Resist, Confront

Reading

Parts

扌Hand (手)亢

Example Word

対抗: opposition. The Japanese noun '対抗 (たいこう)' means 'opposition' or 'rivalry'. It refers to the act of competing against someone or something, often in a direct or confrontational manner. This word is commonly used in contexts such as sports, business, or any situation where there is a competitive relationship. For example: The two teams are in opposition「二つのチームは対抗している」(ふたつのチームはたいこうしている). Our company is in rivalry with theirs「私たちの会社は彼らの会社と対抗している」(わたしたちのかいしゃはかれらのかいしゃとたいこうしている). The word can also imply a sense of resistance or counteraction, as in '対抗策 (たいこうさく) (countermeasure)'.

Radical

手

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1173

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Hole, Cavity

Reading

Parts

子Child 乚

Radical

子

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1214

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Compare, Contrast

Reading

Parts

車Car 交Mix

Example Word

比較: comparison. The Japanese verbal noun '比較 (ひかく)' means 'comparison'. It is used to describe the act of comparing two or more things, often to highlight similarities or differences. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: Let's make a comparison between the two products「二つの製品を比較しましょう」(ふたつのせいひんをひかくしましょう). The comparison of these two methods is interesting「これらの二つの方法の比較は面白い」(これらのふたつのほうほうのひかくはおもしろい). It can also be used in compound words, such as '比較的 (ひかくてき)' meaning 'comparatively' or 'relatively'.

Radical

車

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1216

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Effective

Reading

Parts

交Mix 力Power

Example Word

無効: invalid. The Japanese adjectival noun '無効 (むこう)' means 'invalid' or 'null and void'. It is used to describe something that has no legal or binding force, or something that is not effective or recognized. This term is often used in legal, contractual, or technical contexts. For example: The contract is invalid「その契約は無効です」(そのけいやくはむこうです). The ticket is no longer valid「そのチケットは無効になりました」(そのチケットはむこうになりました). It can also be used in everyday situations to indicate that something is not functioning or recognized, such as a coupon or a password.

Radical

力

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1259

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Attack, Aggression

Reading

Parts

工Construction 攵Strike

Example Word

攻撃: attack. The Japanese verbal noun '攻撃 (こうげき)' primarily means 'attack'. It refers to an aggressive and violent action against someone or something, often used in contexts like military, sports, or debates. It can describe both physical and verbal attacks. For example: The army launched an attack「軍隊が攻撃を開始した」(ぐんたいがこうげきをかいしした). He was criticized for his harsh attack on the policy「彼はその政策への厳しい攻撃で批判された」(かれはそのせいさくへのきびしいこうげきでひはんされた). Note that '攻撃' can also be used metaphorically, such as attacking a problem or issue, indicating a strong and direct approach to solving it.

Radical

攴

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1294

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Filial piety

Reading

Parts

耂Old (老)子Child

Radical

子

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1298

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Manuscript, Draft

Reading

Parts

禾Cereal 高High, Expensive

Example Word

原稿用紙: manuscript. The Japanese noun '原稿用紙 (げんこうようし)' refers to a specific type of paper used for writing manuscripts, essays, or other formal written works. It is typically grid-lined, with each square representing one character, making it easier to count and organize text. This paper is commonly used in schools, for literary submissions, or in professional writing. For example: I wrote my essay on manuscript paper「私は原稿用紙に作文を書いた」(わたしはげんこうようしにさくぶんをかいた). Please submit your work on manuscript paper「原稿用紙に作品を提出してください」(げんこうようしにさくひんをていしゅつしてください).

Radical

禾

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1299

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Lid

Reading

Parts

艹Grass 盍

Example Word

蓋: lid. The Japanese noun '蓋 (ふた)' means 'lid'. It refers to a cover or top that is placed over a container to close or seal it. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as when referring to the lid of a pot, jar, or bottle. For example: Please put the lid on the pot「鍋に蓋をしてください」(なべにふたをしてください). The lid of this jar is hard to open「この瓶の蓋は開けにくい」(このびんのふたはあけにくい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that conceals or hides, as in '蓋をする (ふたをする)' which means 'to cover up' or 'to hide something'.

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1333

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Arrest

Reading

Parts

扌Hand (手)句Phrase, Paragraph

Example Word

拘束: restraint or detention. The Japanese noun '拘束 (こうそく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'restraint', referring to the act of limiting or controlling someone or something. The second is 'detention', referring to the act of holding someone in custody, often by legal authorities. For example: The police imposed restraint on the suspect「警察は容疑者に拘束を加えた」(けいさつはようぎしゃにこうそくをくわえた). The suspect is under detention「容疑者は拘束されている」(ようぎしゃはこうそくされている). The word is often used in legal or formal contexts and carries a serious tone.

Radical

手

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1389

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Throat

Reading

Parts

口Mouth 侯Marquis, Feudal lord

Example Word

喉: throat. The Japanese noun '喉 (のど)' refers to the 'throat'. It is commonly used to describe the anatomical part of the body that connects the mouth and nasal passages to the esophagus and larynx. This word is often used in contexts related to health, such as when someone has a sore throat or is experiencing dryness. For example: My throat is dry「喉が渇いた」(のどがかわいた). I have a sore throat「喉が痛い」(のどがいたい). Additionally, '喉' can be used metaphorically to describe something that is essential or vital, as in '喉から手が出るほど欲しい (のどからてがでるほどほしい)', which means 'to want something so badly that one's hand reaches out from their throat'.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1413

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Harbor, Port

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)共Together 己Oneself

Example Word

港: port. The Japanese noun '港 (みなと)' means 'port' or 'harbor'. It refers to a place where ships dock to load and unload goods or passengers. This word is commonly used in contexts related to maritime activities, trade, and travel. For example: The ship arrived at the port「船が港に着いた」(ふねがみなとについた). This is a busy port「これは賑やかな港です」(これはにぎやかなみなとです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a safe or welcoming place, such as 'a port in a storm'.

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1423

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Marquis, Feudal lord

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)矢Arrow ユ

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1445

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Refrain, Abstain

Reading

Parts

扌Hand (手)空Sky, Empty

Example Word

控える: refrain or reserve. The Japanese verb '控える (ひかえる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to refrain' or 'to hold back' from doing something. For example: Please refrain from smoking here「ここでは喫煙を控えてください」(ここではきつえんをひかえてください). The second meaning is 'to reserve' or 'to keep something in reserve'. For example: I reserved a seat for the meeting「会議の席を控えました」(かいぎのせきをひかえました). The verb can also imply a sense of caution or moderation, depending on the context. It is often used in formal or polite situations.

Radical

手

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1487

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Sail, Navigate

Reading

Parts

舟Boat 亢

Example Word

航空券: air ticket. The Japanese noun '航空券 (こうくうけん)' means 'air ticket'. This term refers to a ticket that allows a passenger to travel on an airplane. It is commonly used when discussing travel plans, booking flights, or checking in at airports. For example: I bought an air ticket to Tokyo「東京行きの航空券を買いました」(とうきょうゆきのこうくうけんをかいました). Please show your air ticket at the counter「カウンターで航空券を見せてください」(かうんたーでこうくうけんをみせてください). The word is a combination of '航空 (こうくう)' meaning 'aviation' and '券 (けん)' meaning 'ticket'.

Radical

舟

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1570

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Flurried, Disconcerted

Reading

Parts

忄 荒Wild, Rough

Example Word

慌てる: panic. The Japanese verb '慌てる (あわてる)' means 'to panic' or 'to be flustered'. It describes a state of confusion or agitation, often due to unexpected events or urgency. This verb can be used in various situations, such as when someone is in a hurry, surprised, or overwhelmed. For example: Don't panic「慌てないで」(あわてないで). She panicked when she lost her wallet「彼女は財布をなくして慌てた」(かのじょはさいふをなくしてあわてた). The nuance of this verb often implies a lack of composure or calmness in response to a situation.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1588

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Wring, Strangle

Reading

Parts

糸Thread 交Mix

Example Word

絞る: squeeze or wring. The Japanese verb '絞る (しぼる)' primarily means 'to squeeze' or 'to wring'. It is used when applying pressure to extract liquid or to tighten something. For example, squeezing juice from a fruit: I squeezed the juice from the orange「オレンジのジュースを絞った」(オレンジのジュースをしぼった). Wringing out a wet towel: She wrung out the wet towel「彼女は濡れたタオルを絞った」(かのじょはぬれたタオルをしぼった). Additionally, '絞る' can be used metaphorically to describe exerting effort or focusing intensely, such as in concentrating one's mind: He concentrated his mind on the problem「彼はその問題に頭を絞った」(かれはそのもんだいにあたまをしぼった).

Radical

糸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1647

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Assent, Agreement

Reading

Parts

肉Meat 止Stop

Example Word

肯定: affirmation. The Japanese verbal noun '肯定 (こうてい)' means 'affirmation' or 'positive acknowledgment'. It is used to express agreement, confirmation, or the act of affirming something. This word is often used in contexts where one acknowledges or accepts a statement, idea, or situation as true or valid. For example: His answer was an affirmation「彼の答えは肯定だった」(かれのこたえはこうていだった). We need to affirm this decision「この決定を肯定する必要がある」(このけっていをこうていするひつようがある). It can also be used in contrast to '否定 (ひてい)' (negation) to highlight a positive stance.

Radical

肉

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1653

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Plow

Reading

Parts

耒 井Well

Radical

耒

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1682

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Gutter, Channel

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)冓

Example Word

溝: ditch. The Japanese noun '溝 (みぞ)' refers to a 'ditch' or 'trench'. It is commonly used to describe a narrow channel dug into the ground, often for drainage or irrigation purposes. Additionally, it can metaphorically represent a gap or rift between people or ideas. Example sentences: There is a deep ditch in the field「畑に深い溝がある」(はたけにふかいみぞがある). The ditch was filled with water after the rain「雨の後、溝に水がたまった」(あめのあと、みぞにみずがたまった). The argument created a rift between them「その議論で彼らの間に溝ができた」(そのぎろんでかれらのあいだにみぞができた).

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1693

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Receive

Reading

Parts

古Old 子Child

Radical

亠

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1710

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Ore, Mineral

Reading

Parts

釒Gold (金)広Wide

Radical

金

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1749

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Hard, Stiff

Reading

Parts

石Stone 更Renew, Grow late

Example Word

硬い: hard. The Japanese adjective '硬い (かたい)' means 'hard'. It describes something that is physically firm, rigid, or difficult to bend or break. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something strict, inflexible, or tense, such as a person's attitude or a situation. For example: this bread is hard「このパンは硬い」(このパンはかたい). His expression was hard「彼の表情は硬かった」(かれのひょうじょうはかたかった). When used metaphorically, it often conveys a sense of stiffness or lack of flexibility, as in '硬い態度 (かたいたいど) (stiff attitude)'.

Radical

石

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1759

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Tribute

Reading

Parts

貝Shellfish 工Construction

Example Word

貢献: contribution. The Japanese noun '貢献 (こうけん)' means 'contribution'. It refers to the act of contributing to something, such as a cause, project, or society. This word is often used in contexts where someone or something has made a significant positive impact or provided valuable input. For example: His research made a great contribution to science「彼の研究は科学に大きな貢献をした」(かれのけんきゅうはかがくにおおきなこうけんをした). We aim to contribute to the community「私たちは地域に貢献することを目指しています」(わたしたちはちいきにこうけんすることをめざしています). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe any form of support or assistance that leads to progress or improvement.

Radical

貝

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1790

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Suburbs

Reading

Parts

交Mix ⻏Mound (阜)

Example Word

郊外: suburbs. The Japanese noun '郊外 (こうがい)' refers to the 'suburbs' or the outlying areas of a city. It is used to describe residential areas located on the outskirts of urban centers, often characterized by quieter environments, more spacious housing, and a slower pace of life compared to the city center. For example: I live in the suburbs「私は郊外に住んでいます」(わたしはこうがいにすんでいます). The suburbs are peaceful「郊外は静かです」(こうがいはしずかです). This term is commonly used in discussions about urban planning, commuting, and lifestyle preferences.

Radical

邑

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1805

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Clause, Paragraph

Reading

Parts

工Construction 頁Page

Example Word

事項: item or matter. The Japanese noun '事項 (じこう)' refers to a specific matter, item, or point of consideration. It is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe details, topics, or elements that are part of a larger discussion, list, or document. For example: Please check the important matters「重要な事項を確認してください」(じゅうようなじこうをかくにんしてください). The contract includes several key items「契約にはいくつかの重要な事項が含まれています」(けいやくにはいくつかのじゅうようなじこうがふくまれています). This word is commonly used in legal, business, or administrative settings to refer to specific points or issues.

Radical

頁

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1808

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Empress

Reading

Parts

口Mouth

Example Word

皇后: empress. The Japanese noun '皇后 (こうごう)' refers to the 'empress', specifically the wife of the reigning emperor. This term is used in the context of the Japanese imperial family and carries a formal and respectful tone. For example: The empress attended the ceremony「皇后は式典に出席しました」(こうごうはしきてんにしゅっせきしました). The empress is known for her charity work「皇后は慈善活動で知られています」(こうごうはじぜんかつどうでしられています). This term is distinct from other titles like '皇太子妃 (こうたいしひ)' (crown princess) or '女帝 (じょてい)' (female emperor), as it specifically denotes the consort of the emperor.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1834

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Constant, Always

Reading

Parts

忄 亘

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1841

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Pit

Reading

Parts

土Soil 亢

Radical

土

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1854

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Flood, Vast

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)共Together

Example Word

洪水: flood. The Japanese noun '洪水 (こうずい)' means 'flood'. It refers to an overflow of water that submerges land, often caused by heavy rainfall, overflowing rivers, or other natural phenomena. This word is commonly used in weather reports, disaster warnings, and discussions about natural events. For example: The flood caused significant damage「洪水は大きな被害をもたらした」(こうずいはおおきなひがいをもたらした). The river overflowed and caused a flood「川が氾濫して洪水が起きた」(かわがはんらんしてこうずいがおきた). Note that '洪水' can also be used metaphorically to describe an overwhelming amount of something, such as information or emotions, though this usage is less common.

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1871

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Balance, Equilibrium

Reading

Parts

行Go

Example Word

均衡: balance. The Japanese noun '均衡 (きんこう)' means 'balance' or 'equilibrium'. It is often used to describe a state of stability or equal distribution between opposing forces, elements, or conditions. This word is commonly used in contexts such as economics, physics, and everyday life to describe a harmonious or stable state. For example: The balance of power between the two countries is maintained「二つの国の間の力の均衡が保たれている」(ふたつのくにのあいだのちからのきんこうがたもたれている). The ecosystem is in balance「生態系は均衡を保っている」(せいたいけいはきんこうをたもっている). It can also refer to a mental or emotional balance, as in: She regained her emotional balance after the incident「彼女はその出来事の後に感情の均衡を取り戻した」(かのじょはそのできごとのあとにかんじょうのきんこうをとりもどした).

Radical

行

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1909

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Rainbow

Reading

Parts

虫Insect 工Construction

Example Word

虹: rainbow. The Japanese noun '虹 (にじ)' means 'rainbow'. It refers to the meteorological phenomenon caused by reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light in water droplets, resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and literature to describe the beauty of nature. For example: The rainbow is beautiful「虹がきれいだ」(にじがきれいだ). I saw a rainbow after the rain「雨の後に虹を見た」(あめのあとににじをみた). The word '虹' is often associated with positive imagery and is sometimes used metaphorically to represent hope or a bridge between different worlds.

Radical

虫

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1914

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Gorge, Ravine

Reading

Parts

山Mountain 夹

Example Word

海峡: strait. The Japanese noun '海峡 (かいきょう)' refers to a 'strait', which is a narrow passage of water connecting two larger bodies of water. This term is often used in geographical contexts to describe natural waterways. For example: The strait is very narrow「その海峡はとても狭い」(そのかいきょうはとてもせまい). Ships pass through the strait「船が海峡を通る」(ふねがかいきょうをとおる). The word is commonly used in discussions about geography, navigation, and marine environments.

Radical

山

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1916

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Cape, Promontory

Reading

Parts

山Mountain 甲Armor, Shell

Radical

山

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1950

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Spiny

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 更Renew, Grow late

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1974

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Purchase, Subscription

Reading

Parts

貝Shellfish 冓

Example Word

購入: purchase. The Japanese verbal noun '購入 (こうにゅう)' means 'purchase'. It refers to the act of buying or acquiring something, typically in a formal or commercial context. This term is often used in business settings, online shopping, or when discussing transactions. For example: I purchased a new car「新しい車を購入しました」(あたらしいくるまをこうにゅうしました). The company purchased new equipment「会社は新しい設備を購入しました」(かいしゃはあたらしいせつびをこうにゅうしました). It is important to note that '購入' is more formal than the verb '買う (かう)', which also means 'to buy' but is used in more casual contexts.

Radical

貝

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1976

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Girder

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 行Go

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

2013

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Flexed, Hooked

Reading

Parts

勹Wrap 厶Private

Radical

勹

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

2014

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Steel

Reading

Parts

釒Gold (金)岡Hill

Radical

金

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

2021

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Decrease, Waste

Reading

Parts

耒 毛Fur

Radical

耒

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

2091

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Ferment, Fermentation

Reading

Parts

酉Bird of the zodiac 孝Filial piety

Example Word

酵素: enzyme. The Japanese noun '酵素 (こうそ)' refers to 'enzyme', which is a protein that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions. Enzymes are essential for various biological processes, such as digestion and metabolism. For example: enzymes help break down food「酵素は食べ物を分解するのを助けます」(こうそはたべものをぶんかいするのをたすけます). This product contains digestive enzymes「この製品には消化酵素が含まれています」(このせいひんにはしょうかこうそがふくまれています). The term is commonly used in scientific, medical, and everyday contexts related to health and biology.

Radical

酉

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

2102

Handwriting