Jōyō KanjiOrganized by Onyomi reading

kanji

Meaning

Go

Reading

Parts

彳Stop 一One 丁Street

Example Word

徐行: slow driving. The Japanese verbal noun '徐行 (じょこう)' refers to the act of driving slowly or proceeding at a reduced speed. It is commonly used in contexts related to traffic regulations, such as when drivers are required to slow down in specific areas like school zones or residential neighborhoods. For example: Drive slowly in the school zone「学校の近くで徐行してください」(がっこうのちかくでじょこうしてください). The car is moving slowly「車が徐行している」(くるまがじょこうしている). This term emphasizes the deliberate reduction of speed for safety or compliance purposes.

Radical

行

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

18

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

After, Behind

Reading

Parts

彳Stop 夂Late 幺Slight

Example Word

後書き: postscript. The Japanese noun '後書き (あとがき)' refers to a 'postscript' or 'afterword' in a written work. It is typically found at the end of books, essays, or letters, where the author provides additional comments, reflections, or acknowledgments. This section is often used to explain the context of the work, share personal thoughts, or thank contributors. For example: The author's postscript was very touching「著者の後書きはとても感動的でした」(ちょしゃのあとがきはとてもかんどうてきでした). I always read the postscript first「私はいつも後書きを先に読みます」(わたしはいつもあとがきをさきによみます). The term can also be used metaphorically to refer to a concluding remark or final note in any context.

Radical

彳

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

45

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Mouth

Reading

Parts

冂Enclosure 一One

Example Word

口調: tone. The Japanese noun '口調 (くちょう)' refers to the tone or manner of speaking. It describes how someone's voice sounds, including pitch, rhythm, and intonation, which can convey emotions, attitudes, or personality. For example: His tone was calm「彼の口調は落ち着いていた」(かれのくちょうはおちついていた). She spoke in a cheerful tone「彼女は明るい口調で話した」(かのじょはあかるいくちょうではなした). This word is often used to describe the way someone speaks in conversations, speeches, or storytelling.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

82

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Think, Consider

Reading

Parts

耂Old (老)丂Breath obstruction

Example Word

考え: thought or idea. The Japanese noun '考え (かんがえ)' refers to a 'thought' or 'idea'. It is used to describe the process of thinking or the result of that process, such as a concept or opinion. This word is often used in contexts where someone is expressing their thoughts or ideas about a particular topic. For example: His thoughts are always deep「彼の考えはいつも深い」(かれのかんがえはいつもふかい). I have a new idea「新しい考えがあります」(あたらしいかんがえがあります). It can also be used in phrases like '考えを変える (かんがえをかえる)' which means 'to change one's mind'.

Radical

老

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

91

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Facing, Yonder

Reading

Parts

丿Katakana no 冋Desert

Example Word

向ける: direct. The Japanese verb '向ける (むける)' means 'to direct' or 'to turn something towards a specific direction or target'. It is often used when indicating the orientation or focus of an object, attention, or effort. For example: he directed his gaze towards the mountain「彼は山に向けた視線を向けた」(かれはやまにむけたしせんをむけた). She turned the camera towards the flowers「彼女はカメラを花に向けた」(かのじょはカメラをはなにむけた). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as directing efforts or attention towards a goal.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

103

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

High, Expensive

Reading

Parts

亠Lid 口Mouth 冂Enclosure

Example Word

高等: high level. The Japanese adjectival noun '高等 (こうとう)' means 'high-level' or 'advanced'. It is often used to describe something of a higher grade, rank, or complexity. For example, it is commonly used in educational contexts to refer to advanced studies or institutions, such as high schools or higher education. Example sentences: This is a high-level course「これは高等なコースです」(これはこうとうなコースです). He attends a high-level school「彼は高等な学校に通っています」(かれはこうとうながっこうにかよっています). The term can also be used in other contexts to describe advanced or sophisticated things, such as technology or skills.

Radical

高

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

125

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Light

Reading

Parts

⺌Small (小)一One 儿Legs

Example Word

蛍光灯: lamp or fluorescent. The Japanese noun '蛍光灯 (けいこうとう)' refers to a 'fluorescent lamp'. This term is commonly used to describe the type of lighting that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. It is often found in offices, schools, and homes due to its energy efficiency. For example: The fluorescent lamp is bright「蛍光灯が明るい」(けいこうとうがあかるい). I replaced the fluorescent lamp「蛍光灯を交換した」(けいこうとうをこうかんした). Note that while '蛍光灯' specifically refers to fluorescent lamps, it can sometimes be shortened to just '蛍光灯' in casual conversation, but the full term is more precise.

Radical

儿

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

170

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Like, Fond

Reading

Parts

女Woman 子Child

Example Word

好奇心: curiosity. The Japanese noun '好奇心 (こうきしん)' means 'curiosity'. It refers to a strong desire to know or learn something, often driven by interest or fascination. This word is commonly used in contexts where someone is eager to explore, discover, or understand new things. For example: Her curiosity led her to study abroad「彼女の好奇心が彼女を留学させた」(かのじょのこうきしんがかのじょをりゅうがくさせた). Children have a natural curiosity「子供は自然な好奇心を持っている」(こどもはしぜんなこうきしんをもっている). The word can also be used in phrases like '好奇心をそそる (こうきしんをそそる)', which means 'to pique one's curiosity'.

Radical

女

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

177

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Public

Reading

Parts

八Eight 厶Private

Example Word

公式: official. The Japanese adjectival noun '公式 (こうしき)' means 'official'. It is used to describe something that is formally recognized, authorized, or endorsed by an organization, institution, or authority. This term is often used in contexts such as official statements, announcements, or events. For example: This is the official announcement「これは公式の発表です」(これはこうしきのはっぴょうです). The official website is easy to use「公式ウェブサイトは使いやすい」(こうしきウェブサイトはつかいやすい). It can also refer to mathematical formulas, but in everyday usage, it predominantly refers to official matters.

Radical

八

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

295

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Creek, Inlet

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)工Construction

Example Word

江: bay. The Japanese suffix '江 (こう)' means 'bay' and is often used in geographical names to denote a bay or inlet. It is commonly found in place names, such as 'Tokyo Bay (東京湾, とうきょうわん)' or 'Osaka Bay (大阪湾, おおさかわん)'. This suffix is typically used in formal or historical contexts and is not commonly used in everyday conversation. For example: Tokyo Bay is beautiful「東京湾は美しい」(とうきょうわんはうつくしい). The ships are anchored in Osaka Bay「船は大阪湾に停泊している」(ふねはおおさかわんにていはくしている).

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

376

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Happiness

Reading

Parts

土Soil 𢆉Sheep (羊)

Example Word

不幸: misfortune or unhappiness. The Japanese adjectival noun '不幸 (ふこう)' can mean both 'unhappiness' and 'misfortune'. It is used to describe a state of being unhappy or experiencing bad luck. This word is often used in contexts involving personal suffering, tragic events, or unfortunate circumstances. For example: She felt deep unhappiness「彼女は深い不幸を感じた」(かのじょはふかいふこうをかんじた). The family experienced great misfortune「その家族は大きな不幸に見舞われた」(そのかぞくはおおきなふこうにみまわれた). Note that '不幸' can also be used to describe someone's life or situation, as in '不幸な人生 (ふこうなじんせい) (unfortunate life)'.

Radical

干

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

380

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

School

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 交Mix

Example Word

校: school. The Japanese suffix '校 (こう)' means 'school' and is commonly attached to the names or types of educational institutions. It is used to specify the type of school or to refer to a particular school. For example: elementary school「小学校」(しょうがっこう), high school「高校」(こうこう), or Tokyo University「東京大学校」(とうきょうだいがくこう). This suffix is neutral in tone and is widely used in formal and informal contexts. Note that '校' can also appear in compound words related to schools, such as '校舎 (こうしゃ)' (school building) or '校長 (こうちょう)' (school principal).

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

404

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Construction

Reading

Parts

丅Down (下)一One

Example Word

工事: construction. The Japanese verbal noun '工事 (こうじ)' refers to 'construction' or 'construction work'. It is commonly used to describe the process of building or repairing structures, such as buildings, roads, or bridges. This term is often seen in signs or announcements related to ongoing construction projects. For example: The construction of the new bridge is underway「新しい橋の工事が進んでいます」(あたらしいはしのこうじがすすんでいます). Road construction is causing traffic delays「道路工事で渋滞が起きています」(どうろこうじでじゅうたいがおきています). The word can also be used in contexts like '工事中 (こうじちゅう)', which means 'under construction' and is often displayed at construction sites.

Radical

工

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

411

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Wide

Reading

Parts

厶Private 广Dotted cliff

Example Word

背広: suit. The Japanese noun '背広 (せびろ)' refers to a 'suit', specifically a business suit typically worn by men in formal or professional settings. This term is often used in contexts related to work, business meetings, or formal events. For example: He bought a new suit「彼は新しい背広を買った」(かれはあたらしいせびろをかった). I need to wear a suit for the meeting「会議のために背広を着る必要がある」(かいぎのためにせびろをきるひつようがある). The word '背広' is commonly associated with Western-style suits and is a staple in Japanese business attire.

Radical

广

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

428

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Descend, Fall

Reading

Parts

⻖ 夅

Example Word

乗り降り: boarding or alighting. The Japanese verbal noun '乗り降り (のりおり)' refers to the act of boarding and alighting from a vehicle, such as a train, bus, or car. It is often used in contexts involving transportation. For example: The station is crowded with people boarding and alighting「駅は乗り降りの人で混雑している」(えきはのりおりのひとでこんざつしている). Please be careful when boarding and alighting「乗り降りの際はご注意ください」(のりおりのさいはごちゅういください). This word is commonly seen in transportation-related announcements and signage.

Radical

阜

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

444

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Status

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 各Each

Example Word

合格: pass. The Japanese verbal noun '合格 (ごうかく)' means 'pass' in the context of passing an exam, test, or qualification. It is used to indicate that someone has successfully met the required standards or criteria. For example: I passed the exam「試験に合格した」(しけんにごうかくした). She passed the entrance exam「彼女は入学試験に合格した」(かのじょはにゅうがくしけんにごうかくした). The word can also be used in a broader sense to indicate approval or acceptance, such as passing an inspection or meeting certain requirements.

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

461

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Mix

Reading

Parts

亠Lid 父Father

Example Word

交ぜる: mix. The Japanese verb '交ぜる (まぜる)' means 'to mix'. It is used to describe the action of combining different substances, elements, or items together. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: mix the ingredients「材料を交ぜる」(ざいりょうをまぜる). He mixed truth with lies「彼は真実と嘘を交ぜた」(かれはしんじつとうそをまぜた). The verb can also imply blending or intermingling, such as mixing people in a group「グループに人を交ぜる」(グループにひとをまぜる). Note that '交ぜる' is often used interchangeably with '混ぜる (まぜる)', though '混ぜる' is more commonly used in everyday speech.

Radical

亠

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

470

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Look up

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)卬

Example Word

仰る: say. The Japanese verb '仰る (おっしゃる)' is a honorific form of the verb '言う (いう)', meaning 'to say'. It is used to show respect towards the person who is speaking. This verb is commonly used in formal situations or when speaking to someone of higher status. For example: What did the teacher say?「先生は何と仰いましたか？」(せんせいはなんとおっしゃいましたか？). Please say it again「もう一度仰ってください」(もういちどおっしゃってください). It's important to note that '仰る' is only used to refer to the actions of others, not oneself.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

509

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Interest, Entertain

Reading

Parts

臼Mortar 同Same ハ

Example Word

興味: interest. The Japanese noun '興味 (きょうみ)' means 'interest'. It refers to a feeling of curiosity or concern about something, leading to a desire to learn or know more about it. This word is often used in contexts involving hobbies, studies, or general curiosity. For example: I have an interest in Japanese culture「私は日本文化に興味があります」(わたしはにほんぶんかにおもしろみがあります). She showed interest in the new project「彼女は新しいプロジェクトに興味を示しました」(かのじょはあたらしいプロジェクトにきょうみをしめしました). The word can also be used in negative forms to express a lack of interest, as in 'I have no interest in sports'「私はスポーツに興味がありません」(わたしはスポーツにきょうみがありません).

Radical

臼

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

532

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Renew, Grow late

Reading

Parts

曰

Example Word

今更: now or belatedly. The Japanese adverb '今更 (いまさら)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'now', but with a nuance of something being done or realized at the current moment, often implying it's too late or unexpected. The second meaning is 'belatedly', indicating that something is being done or realized much later than it should have been. Example sentences: It's too late to apologize now「今更謝っても遅いよ」(いまさらあやまってもおそいよ). He belatedly realized his mistake「彼は今更自分の間違いに気づいた」(かれはいまさらじぶんのまちがいにきづいた).

Radical

曰

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

533

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Structure, Care

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 冓

Example Word

構う: care or mind. The Japanese verb '構う (かまう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to mind' or 'to be concerned about', often used in contexts where someone is bothered or affected by something. The second meaning is 'to care for' or 'to look after', which can imply taking care of someone or something. This verb is versatile and can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: I don't mind if you come late「遅れても構いません」(おくてもかまいません). She cares for stray cats「彼女は野良猫を構う」(かのじょはのらねこをかまう). It's important to note that '構う' can also imply a sense of interference or meddling, depending on the context.

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

557

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Climate

Reading

Parts

丨Stick 侯Marquis, Feudal lord

Example Word

候補: candidate. The Japanese noun '候補 (こうほ)' means 'candidate'. It is commonly used to refer to someone who is being considered for a position, role, or opportunity. This term is often used in political, professional, or academic contexts. For example: he is a candidate for the position「彼はそのポジションの候補です」(かれはそのポジションのこうほです). She is a candidate for the scholarship「彼女は奨学金の候補です」(かのじょはしょうがくきんのこうほです). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as being a candidate for a prize or an award.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

580

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Hill

Reading

Parts

冂Enclosure 䒑Herbs 山Mountain

Radical

山

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

670

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Armor, Shell

Reading

Parts

田Rice field ｜

Example Word

甲: shell or first. The Japanese noun '甲 (こう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to the shell of a turtle or tortoise, often used in traditional contexts or literature. For example: the turtle's shell is hard「亀の甲は硬い」(かめのこうはかたい). The second meaning is 'first' in a sequence, such as in the traditional ordering system (甲, 乙, 丙, etc.), which is similar to 'A, B, C' in English. For example: this is the first item「これは甲の項目です」(これはこうのこうもくです). The word is also used in compound words like '甲羅 (こうら)' (shell) or '甲乙 (こうおつ)' (first and second).

Radical

田

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

696

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Yellow

Reading

Parts

由Reason 八Eight 一One 艹Grass

Example Word

黄色: yellow. The Japanese noun '黄色 (きいろ)' means 'yellow'. It refers to the color yellow and is commonly used to describe objects, items, or anything that has a yellow hue. For example: The sunflower is yellow「ひまわりは黄色です」(ひまわりはきいろです). I like yellow flowers「黄色い花が好きです」(きいろいはながすきです). Note that when used as an adjective, it often takes the form '黄色い (きいろい)' to describe nouns, such as '黄色い車 (きいろいくるま) (yellow car)'.

Radical

黃

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

699

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Wild, Rough

Reading

Parts

艹Grass 巟

Example Word

荒す: damage. The Japanese verb '荒す (あらす)' means 'to damage' or 'to ruin'. It is often used to describe the act of causing destruction or disorder to something, such as a place, object, or situation. This verb carries a nuance of leaving something in a worse state than before. For example: The storm damaged the garden「嵐が庭を荒した」(あらしがにわをあらした). Vandals ruined the park「破壊者が公園を荒した」(はかいしゃがこうえんをあらした). Note that '荒す' is typically used in contexts where the damage is intentional or caused by neglect, rather than accidental.

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

749

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Fragrance

Reading

Parts

日Day, Sun 禾Cereal

Example Word

香り: scent. The Japanese noun '香り (かおり)' refers to a pleasant smell or fragrance. It is commonly used to describe the aroma of flowers, food, or other pleasant odors. For example: the scent of roses is lovely「バラの香りは素敵です」(ばらのかおりはすてきです). I love the scent of coffee「コーヒーの香りが大好きです」(コーヒーのかおりがだいすきです). This word is often associated with positive and soothing smells, and it can be used in both casual and formal contexts.

Radical

香

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

773

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Emperor

Reading

Parts

王King 白White

Example Word

天皇: emperor. The Japanese noun '天皇 (てんのう)' refers to the 'emperor' of Japan, specifically the hereditary monarch who serves as the symbolic head of state. This term is deeply rooted in Japanese history and culture, and the emperor is considered a unifying figure for the nation. For example: The emperor visited the shrine「天皇が神社を訪れた」(てんのうがじんじゃをおとずれた). The emperor's role is largely ceremonial「天皇の役割は主に儀式的です」(てんのうのやくわりはおもにぎしきてきです). The term is also used in historical contexts to refer to past emperors.

Radical

白

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

782

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Crimson

Reading

Parts

糸Thread 工Construction

Example Word

紅茶: black tea. The Japanese noun '紅茶 (こうちゃ)' refers to 'black tea'. This term is used to describe the type of tea that is more oxidized than green, oolong, and white teas, resulting in a stronger flavor. It is commonly consumed in Japan, often served hot or cold. Example sentences include: I drink black tea every morning「毎朝紅茶を飲みます」(まいあさこうちゃをのみます). This black tea is very fragrant「この紅茶はとても香りがいい」(このこうちゃはとてもかおりがいい). Note that '紅茶' specifically refers to black tea and not other types of tea, which have different names in Japanese.

Radical

糸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

791

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Merit, Achievement

Reading

Parts

力Power 工Construction

Example Word

成功: success. The Japanese verbal noun '成功 (せいこう)' means 'success'. It refers to the achievement of a desired goal or outcome. This word is commonly used in contexts related to personal, professional, or academic achievements. For example: His success was celebrated by everyone「彼の成功は皆に祝われた」(かれのせいこうはみんなにいわわれた). The project was a great success「そのプロジェクトは大成功だった」(そのプロジェクトはだいせいこうだった). Note that '成功' can also be used as a verb when combined with the auxiliary verb 'する', as in '成功する (せいこうする)', meaning 'to succeed'.

Radical

力

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

991

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Lecture

Reading

Parts

訁Say (言)冓

Example Word

休講: cancellation. The Japanese verbal noun '休講 (きゅうこう)' refers to the cancellation of a lecture or class. It is commonly used in academic settings to indicate that a scheduled lecture or class will not take place, often due to the teacher's absence or other unforeseen circumstances. For example: The lecture was canceled「休講になりました」(きゅうこうになりました). Tomorrow's class is canceled「明日の授業は休講です」(あしたのじゅぎょうはきゅうこうです). This term is specific to educational contexts and should not be confused with general cancellations of events or appointments.

Radical

言

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1050

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Skill, Adept

Reading

Parts

工Construction 丂Breath obstruction

Example Word

巧み: skillful. The Japanese adjectival noun '巧み (たくみ)' means 'skillful'. It describes someone or something that is adept, clever, or masterful in performing a task or creating something. It often carries a nuance of artistry or finesse. For example: His skillful speech moved the audience「彼の巧みなスピーチは聴衆を感動させた」(かれのたくみなすぴーちはちょうしゅうをかんどうさせた). The artist's skillful brushwork is amazing「その画家の巧みな筆遣いは素晴らしい」(そのがかのたくみなふでづかいはすばらしい). This word is often used to describe craftsmanship, strategy, or performance.

Radical

工

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1069

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Healthy, Peaceful

Reading

Parts

广Dotted cliff 隶

Example Word

健康: health. The Japanese adjectival noun '健康 (けんこう)' means 'health'. It refers to the state of being physically and mentally well. It is often used to describe a person's condition or lifestyle. For example: maintaining good health is important「健康を保つことは大切です」(けんこうをたもつことはたいせつです). She is in good health「彼女は健康です」(かのじょはけんこうです). This word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '健康診断 (けんこうしんだん)' (health checkup).

Radical

广

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1072

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Rope, Hawser

Reading

Parts

糸Thread 岡Hill

Example Word

綱: rope. The Japanese noun '綱 (つな)' refers to a 'rope'. This word is used to describe a thick, strong cord made by twisting together strands of natural or synthetic fibers. It is commonly used in contexts involving tying, pulling, or securing objects. For example: Please tie the boat with the rope「ボートを綱で結んでください」(ボートをつなでむすんでください). The rope is strong「その綱は強いです」(そのつなはつよいです). Additionally, '綱' can metaphorically represent a connection or bond between people, such as in the phrase '絆 (きずな)', which also means 'bond' but is written with a different kanji.

Radical

糸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1143

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Thick, Kind

Reading

Parts

厂Cliff 日Day, Sun 子Child

Example Word

厚生: welfare. The Japanese noun '厚生 (こうせい)' refers to 'welfare' or 'public health and well-being'. It is commonly used in contexts related to social welfare, health care, and public services aimed at improving the quality of life. For example: The government is working on welfare policies「政府は厚生政策に取り組んでいる」(せいふはこうせいせいさくにとりくんでいる). The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare is responsible for public health「厚生労働省は公衆衛生を担当している」(こうせいろうどうしょうはこうしゅうえいせいをたんとうしている). This term is often seen in official or formal contexts, such as government departments or policies.

Radical

厂

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1170

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Resist, Confront

Reading

Parts

扌Hand (手)亢

Example Word

対抗: opposition. The Japanese noun '対抗 (たいこう)' means 'opposition' or 'rivalry'. It refers to the act of competing against someone or something, often in a direct or confrontational manner. This word is commonly used in contexts such as sports, business, or any situation where there is a competitive relationship. For example: The two teams are in opposition「二つのチームは対抗している」(ふたつのチームはたいこうしている). Our company is in rivalry with theirs「私たちの会社は彼らの会社と対抗している」(わたしたちのかいしゃはかれらのかいしゃとたいこうしている). The word can also imply a sense of resistance or counteraction, as in '対抗策 (たいこうさく) (countermeasure)'.

Radical

手

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1173

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Hole, Cavity

Reading

Parts

子Child 乚

Radical

子

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1214

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Compare, Contrast

Reading

Parts

車Car 交Mix

Example Word

比較: comparison. The Japanese verbal noun '比較 (ひかく)' means 'comparison'. It is used to describe the act of comparing two or more things, often to highlight similarities or differences. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: Let's make a comparison between the two products「二つの製品を比較しましょう」(ふたつのせいひんをひかくしましょう). The comparison of these two methods is interesting「これらの二つの方法の比較は面白い」(これらのふたつのほうほうのひかくはおもしろい). It can also be used in compound words, such as '比較的 (ひかくてき)' meaning 'comparatively' or 'relatively'.

Radical

車

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1216

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Effective

Reading

Parts

交Mix 力Power

Example Word

効き目: effect. The Japanese noun '効き目 (ききめ)' refers to the 'effect' or 'efficacy' of something, often used in the context of medicine, remedies, or actions. It implies a noticeable or measurable result. For example: The medicine had a strong effect「薬の効き目が強かった」(くすりのききめがつよかった). This method has no effect「この方法には効き目がない」(このほうほうにはききめがない). The word is commonly used when discussing the effectiveness of treatments, strategies, or efforts.

Radical

力

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1259

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Attack, Aggression

Reading

Parts

工Construction 攵Strike

Example Word

攻撃: attack. The Japanese verbal noun '攻撃 (こうげき)' primarily means 'attack'. It refers to an aggressive and violent action against someone or something, often used in contexts like military, sports, or debates. It can describe both physical and verbal attacks. For example: The army launched an attack「軍隊が攻撃を開始した」(ぐんたいがこうげきをかいしした). He was criticized for his harsh attack on the policy「彼はその政策への厳しい攻撃で批判された」(かれはそのせいさくへのきびしいこうげきでひはんされた). Note that '攻撃' can also be used metaphorically, such as attacking a problem or issue, indicating a strong and direct approach to solving it.

Radical

攴

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1294

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Filial piety

Reading

Parts

耂Old (老)子Child

Radical

子

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1298

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Manuscript, Draft

Reading

Parts

禾Cereal 高High, Expensive

Example Word

原稿: manuscript. The Japanese noun '原稿 (げんこう)' refers to a 'manuscript' or 'draft'. It is commonly used to describe a written document, such as a draft of a book, article, or speech, before it is finalized or published. For example: I finished writing the manuscript「原稿を書き終えました」(げんこうをかきおえました). Please submit your manuscript by tomorrow「明日までに原稿を提出してください」(あしたまでにげんこうをていしゅつしてください). This word is often used in professional or academic contexts, such as publishing, journalism, or writing.

Radical

禾

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1299

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Lid

Reading

Parts

艹Grass 盍

Example Word

蓋: lid. The Japanese noun '蓋 (ふた)' means 'lid'. It refers to a cover or top that is placed over a container to close or seal it. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as when referring to the lid of a pot, jar, or bottle. For example: Please put the lid on the pot「鍋に蓋をしてください」(なべにふたをしてください). The lid of this jar is hard to open「この瓶の蓋は開けにくい」(このびんのふたはあけにくい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that conceals or hides, as in '蓋をする (ふたをする)' which means 'to cover up' or 'to hide something'.

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1333

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Arrest

Reading

Parts

扌Hand (手)句Phrase, Paragraph

Example Word

拘束: restraint or detention. The Japanese noun '拘束 (こうそく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'restraint', referring to the act of limiting or controlling someone or something. The second is 'detention', referring to the act of holding someone in custody, often by legal authorities. For example: The police imposed restraint on the suspect「警察は容疑者に拘束を加えた」(けいさつはようぎしゃにこうそくをくわえた). The suspect is under detention「容疑者は拘束されている」(ようぎしゃはこうそくされている). The word is often used in legal or formal contexts and carries a serious tone.

Radical

手

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1389

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Throat

Reading

Parts

口Mouth 侯Marquis, Feudal lord

Example Word

喉: throat. The Japanese noun '喉 (のど)' refers to the 'throat'. It is commonly used to describe the anatomical part of the body that connects the mouth and nasal passages to the esophagus and larynx. This word is often used in contexts related to health, such as when someone has a sore throat or is experiencing dryness. For example: My throat is dry「喉が渇いた」(のどがかわいた). I have a sore throat「喉が痛い」(のどがいたい). Additionally, '喉' can be used metaphorically to describe something that is essential or vital, as in '喉から手が出るほど欲しい (のどからてがでるほどほしい)', which means 'to want something so badly that one's hand reaches out from their throat'.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1413

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Harbor, Port

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)共Together 己Oneself

Example Word

港: port. The Japanese noun '港 (みなと)' means 'port' or 'harbor'. It refers to a place where ships dock to load and unload goods or passengers. This word is commonly used in contexts related to maritime activities, trade, and travel. For example: The ship arrived at the port「船が港に着いた」(ふねがみなとについた). This is a busy port「これは賑やかな港です」(これはにぎやかなみなとです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a safe or welcoming place, such as 'a port in a storm'.

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1423

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Marquis, Feudal lord

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)矢Arrow ユ

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1445

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Refrain, Abstain

Reading

Parts

扌Hand (手)空Sky, Empty

Example Word

控える: refrain or reserve. The Japanese verb '控える (ひかえる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to refrain' or 'to hold back' from doing something. For example: Please refrain from smoking here「ここでは喫煙を控えてください」(ここではきつえんをひかえてください). The second meaning is 'to reserve' or 'to keep something in reserve'. For example: I reserved a seat for the meeting「会議の席を控えました」(かいぎのせきをひかえました). The verb can also imply a sense of caution or moderation, depending on the context. It is often used in formal or polite situations.

Radical

手

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1487

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Sail, Navigate

Reading

Parts

舟Boat 亢

Example Word

航空券: air ticket. The Japanese noun '航空券 (こうくうけん)' means 'air ticket'. This term refers to a ticket that allows a passenger to travel on an airplane. It is commonly used when discussing travel plans, booking flights, or checking in at airports. For example: I bought an air ticket to Tokyo「東京行きの航空券を買いました」(とうきょうゆきのこうくうけんをかいました). Please show your air ticket at the counter「カウンターで航空券を見せてください」(かうんたーでこうくうけんをみせてください). The word is a combination of '航空 (こうくう)' meaning 'aviation' and '券 (けん)' meaning 'ticket'.

Radical

舟

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1570

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Flurried, Disconcerted

Reading

Parts

忄 荒Wild, Rough

Example Word

慌ただしい: hectic. The Japanese adjective '慌ただしい (あわただしい)' means 'hectic'. It describes a situation or period of time that is very busy, rushed, or chaotic. This word is often used to convey a sense of urgency or disorder, such as during a busy workday or a fast-paced event. For example: Today was hectic「今日は慌ただしかった」(きょうはあわただしかった). The morning was hectic with preparations「朝の準備は慌ただしかった」(あさのじゅんびはあわただしかった). Note that this adjective is commonly used to describe temporary states rather than permanent characteristics.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1588

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Wring, Strangle

Reading

Parts

糸Thread 交Mix

Example Word

絞る: squeeze or wring. The Japanese verb '絞る (しぼる)' primarily means 'to squeeze' or 'to wring'. It is used when applying pressure to extract liquid or to tighten something. For example, squeezing juice from a fruit: I squeezed the juice from the orange「オレンジのジュースを絞った」(オレンジのジュースをしぼった). Wringing out a wet towel: She wrung out the wet towel「彼女は濡れたタオルを絞った」(かのじょはぬれたタオルをしぼった). Additionally, '絞る' can be used metaphorically to describe exerting effort or focusing intensely, such as in concentrating one's mind: He concentrated his mind on the problem「彼はその問題に頭を絞った」(かれはそのもんだいにあたまをしぼった).

Radical

糸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1647

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Assent, Agreement

Reading

Parts

肉Meat 止Stop

Example Word

肯定: affirmation. The Japanese verbal noun '肯定 (こうてい)' means 'affirmation' or 'positive acknowledgment'. It is used to express agreement, confirmation, or the act of affirming something. This word is often used in contexts where one acknowledges or accepts a statement, idea, or situation as true or valid. For example: His answer was an affirmation「彼の答えは肯定だった」(かれのこたえはこうていだった). We need to affirm this decision「この決定を肯定する必要がある」(このけっていをこうていするひつようがある). It can also be used in contrast to '否定 (ひてい)' (negation) to highlight a positive stance.

Radical

肉

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1653

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Plow

Reading

Parts

耒 井Well

Radical

耒

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1682

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Gutter, Channel

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)冓

Example Word

溝: ditch. The Japanese noun '溝 (みぞ)' refers to a 'ditch' or 'trench'. It is commonly used to describe a narrow channel dug into the ground, often for drainage or irrigation purposes. Additionally, it can metaphorically represent a gap or rift between people or ideas. Example sentences: There is a deep ditch in the field「畑に深い溝がある」(はたけにふかいみぞがある). The ditch was filled with water after the rain「雨の後、溝に水がたまった」(あめのあと、みぞにみずがたまった). The argument created a rift between them「その議論で彼らの間に溝ができた」(そのぎろんでかれらのあいだにみぞができた).

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1693

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Receive

Reading

Parts

古Old 子Child

Radical

亠

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1710

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Ore, Mineral

Reading

Parts

釒Gold (金)広Wide

Radical

金

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1749

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Hard, Stiff

Reading

Parts

石Stone 更Renew, Grow late

Example Word

硬い: hard. The Japanese adjective '硬い (かたい)' means 'hard'. It describes something that is physically firm, rigid, or difficult to bend or break. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something strict, inflexible, or tense, such as a person's attitude or a situation. For example: this bread is hard「このパンは硬い」(このパンはかたい). His expression was hard「彼の表情は硬かった」(かれのひょうじょうはかたかった). When used metaphorically, it often conveys a sense of stiffness or lack of flexibility, as in '硬い態度 (かたいたいど) (stiff attitude)'.

Radical

石

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1759

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Tribute

Reading

Parts

貝Shellfish 工Construction

Example Word

貢献: contribution. The Japanese noun '貢献 (こうけん)' means 'contribution'. It refers to the act of contributing to something, such as a cause, project, or society. This word is often used in contexts where someone or something has made a significant positive impact or provided valuable input. For example: His research made a great contribution to science「彼の研究は科学に大きな貢献をした」(かれのけんきゅうはかがくにおおきなこうけんをした). We aim to contribute to the community「私たちは地域に貢献することを目指しています」(わたしたちはちいきにこうけんすることをめざしています). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe any form of support or assistance that leads to progress or improvement.

Radical

貝

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1790

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Suburbs

Reading

Parts

交Mix ⻏Mound (阜)

Example Word

郊外: suburbs. The Japanese noun '郊外 (こうがい)' refers to the 'suburbs' or the outlying areas of a city. It is used to describe residential areas located on the outskirts of urban centers, often characterized by quieter environments, more spacious housing, and a slower pace of life compared to the city center. For example: I live in the suburbs「私は郊外に住んでいます」(わたしはこうがいにすんでいます). The suburbs are peaceful「郊外は静かです」(こうがいはしずかです). This term is commonly used in discussions about urban planning, commuting, and lifestyle preferences.

Radical

邑

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1805

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Clause, Paragraph

Reading

Parts

工Construction 頁Page

Example Word

事項: item or matter. The Japanese noun '事項 (じこう)' refers to a specific matter, item, or point of consideration. It is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe details, topics, or elements that are part of a larger discussion, list, or document. For example: Please check the important matters「重要な事項を確認してください」(じゅうようなじこうをかくにんしてください). The contract includes several key items「契約にはいくつかの重要な事項が含まれています」(けいやくにはいくつかのじゅうようなじこうがふくまれています). This word is commonly used in legal, business, or administrative settings to refer to specific points or issues.

Radical

頁

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1808

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Empress

Reading

Parts

口Mouth

Example Word

皇后: empress. The Japanese noun '皇后 (こうごう)' refers to the 'empress', specifically the wife of the reigning emperor. This term is used in the context of the Japanese imperial family and carries a formal and respectful tone. For example: The empress attended the ceremony「皇后は式典に出席しました」(こうごうはしきてんにしゅっせきしました). The empress is known for her charity work「皇后は慈善活動で知られています」(こうごうはじぜんかつどうでしられています). This term is distinct from other titles like '皇太子妃 (こうたいしひ)' (crown princess) or '女帝 (じょてい)' (female emperor), as it specifically denotes the consort of the emperor.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1834

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Constant, Always

Reading

Parts

忄 亘

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1841

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Pit

Reading

Parts

土Soil 亢

Radical

土

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1854

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Flood, Vast

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)共Together

Example Word

洪水: flood. The Japanese noun '洪水 (こうずい)' means 'flood'. It refers to an overflow of water that submerges land, often caused by heavy rainfall, overflowing rivers, or other natural phenomena. This word is commonly used in weather reports, disaster warnings, and discussions about natural events. For example: The flood caused significant damage「洪水は大きな被害をもたらした」(こうずいはおおきなひがいをもたらした). The river overflowed and caused a flood「川が氾濫して洪水が起きた」(かわがはんらんしてこうずいがおきた). Note that '洪水' can also be used metaphorically to describe an overwhelming amount of something, such as information or emotions, though this usage is less common.

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1871

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Balance, Equilibrium

Reading

Parts

行Go

Example Word

均衡: balance. The Japanese noun '均衡 (きんこう)' means 'balance' or 'equilibrium'. It is often used to describe a state of stability or equal distribution between opposing forces, elements, or conditions. This word is commonly used in contexts such as economics, physics, and everyday life to describe a harmonious or stable state. For example: The balance of power between the two countries is maintained「二つの国の間の力の均衡が保たれている」(ふたつのくにのあいだのちからのきんこうがたもたれている). The ecosystem is in balance「生態系は均衡を保っている」(せいたいけいはきんこうをたもっている). It can also refer to a mental or emotional balance, as in: She regained her emotional balance after the incident「彼女はその出来事の後に感情の均衡を取り戻した」(かのじょはそのできごとのあとにかんじょうのきんこうをとりもどした).

Radical

行

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1909

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Rainbow

Reading

Parts

虫Insect 工Construction

Example Word

虹: rainbow. The Japanese noun '虹 (にじ)' means 'rainbow'. It refers to the meteorological phenomenon caused by reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light in water droplets, resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and literature to describe the beauty of nature. For example: The rainbow is beautiful「虹がきれいだ」(にじがきれいだ). I saw a rainbow after the rain「雨の後に虹を見た」(あめのあとににじをみた). The word '虹' is often associated with positive imagery and is sometimes used metaphorically to represent hope or a bridge between different worlds.

Radical

虫

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1914

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Gorge, Ravine

Reading

Parts

山Mountain 夹

Example Word

海峡: strait. The Japanese noun '海峡 (かいきょう)' refers to a 'strait', which is a narrow passage of water connecting two larger bodies of water. This term is often used in geographical contexts to describe natural waterways. For example: The strait is very narrow「その海峡はとても狭い」(そのかいきょうはとてもせまい). Ships pass through the strait「船が海峡を通る」(ふねがかいきょうをとおる). The word is commonly used in discussions about geography, navigation, and marine environments.

Radical

山

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1916

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Cape, Promontory

Reading

Parts

山Mountain 甲Armor, Shell

Radical

山

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1950

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Spiny

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 更Renew, Grow late

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1974

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Purchase, Subscription

Reading

Parts

貝Shellfish 冓

Example Word

購入: purchase. The Japanese verbal noun '購入 (こうにゅう)' means 'purchase'. It refers to the act of buying or acquiring something, typically in a formal or commercial context. This term is often used in business settings, online shopping, or when discussing transactions. For example: I purchased a new car「新しい車を購入しました」(あたらしいくるまをこうにゅうしました). The company purchased new equipment「会社は新しい設備を購入しました」(かいしゃはあたらしいせつびをこうにゅうしました). It is important to note that '購入' is more formal than the verb '買う (かう)', which also means 'to buy' but is used in more casual contexts.

Radical

貝

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

1976

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Girder

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 行Go

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

2013

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Flexed, Hooked

Reading

Parts

勹Wrap 厶Private

Radical

勹

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

2014

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Steel

Reading

Parts

釒Gold (金)岡Hill

Radical

金

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

2021

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Decrease, Waste

Reading

Parts

耒 毛Fur

Radical

耒

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

2091

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Ferment, Fermentation

Reading

Parts

酉Bird of the zodiac 孝Filial piety

Example Word

酵素: enzyme. The Japanese noun '酵素 (こうそ)' refers to 'enzyme', which is a protein that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions. Enzymes are essential for various biological processes, such as digestion and metabolism. For example: enzymes help break down food「酵素は食べ物を分解するのを助けます」(こうそはたべものをぶんかいするのをたすけます). This product contains digestive enzymes「この製品には消化酵素が含まれています」(このせいひんにはしょうかこうそがふくまれています). The term is commonly used in scientific, medical, and everyday contexts related to health and biology.

Radical

酉

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

2102

Handwriting